Three Approaches To Management in Criminal Justice Essay

Three Approaches To Management in Criminal Justice - Essay Example In his Principles of Scientific Management, Frederick W. Taylor stated that all work organization responsibilities should be assigned to managers but not workers; scientific methods should be used in order to determine job performance, and the person best suited to perform each task should be selected to carry out such a task. Further, the principle states that workers should be trained to perform each task correctly; work performance should be monitored to make sure that specified procedures for a task are being followed correctly and the desired outcome achieved. Finally, work assignments should be planned, and work interruptions eliminated (Sapru, 2008). Lillian Gilbreth and Frank invented the motion study, which is an approach that reduces jobs to their basic movements. Henry Gantt developed a bonus and task wage plan where workers could be paid a bonus whenever they completed their job within the given time. The Hawthorne Studies used scientific techniques to study the behavior of human beings at work. More experiments saw researchers come into a conclusion that social factors explained the outcomes observed in all the Hawthorne studies. Douglas McGregor’s Theory X assumes that an average number of human beings dislike work and always avoid it whenever possible. As a result of this dislike of work, majority of persons must be controlled, coerced, directed, or even threatened with punishment prior to putting effort towards achievement of organization’s objectives. An average number of human beings like avoiding responsibility, prefer being directed, has little ambition, and above all, want security. Managers’ responsibility is to organize money, equipment, materials, and people. In addition, manager’s function is to direct workers’ efforts, motivate them, modify their behavior, and control their actions. Without such managers’ intervention, indiv iduals would be resistant to or passive about organizational needs. For the sake of the