Bora Bora Hotel Pestle Economics

Economic factors Tourism and service industries are two biggest sectors in Bora Bora, French Polynesia, about 40 percent of employees work in the Service sector. In 1997, almost eighty percent of the whole GDP in this country was from service sector. During the end of the last millennium, there has been a huge economic decline in the whole French Polynesia, mainly in Tahiti and Bora Bora. But with the economic help of France and clearing the rumors of nuclear experiences the country’s economy started to grow.This country’s climate is very beneficial for hotels, because almost all year it’s warm and the exotic nature always attracts people. Lately, there has been a huge increase of tourists that travel to Bora Bora, because of the newly built hotels and airports. This is a huge factor for our chosen hotel, Hilton, because if more people will want to go to this area, there has to be more hotels for their accommodation.But other hotel chains are also interested in b uilding new hotels in Bora Bora, because of its newly found Brand recognition as a holiday resort and growing economy. Bora Bora does not produce a lot of goods, so they have to be imported. Which is mainly the Hotels problem, because the Levies  and excises on imported goods and licensing fees in the whole French Polynesia are the highest ones. The main objects that Bora Bora imports include food, fuel, building materials,  consumer goods  and automobiles.Because they are imported, these goods cost more for the hotel than the natively made ones. Their main importers are United States and France. In the world chart, French Polynesia is in the two hundred twelfth place, with the inflation rate of 1. 1, while for example, Denmark’s inflation rate is 2. 8, United States inflation rate is 3. 1. In 2008, the currency exchange was 16. 5 French Polynesian francs for one US dollar.

Why I Own A Computer

Computers are capable of doing more things every year. There are many advantages to knowing how to use a computer, and it is important that everyone know how to use them properly. Using the information I have gathered, and my own knowledge from my 12 years of computer experience, I will explain the many advantages of owning a computer and how they important they are in your everyday life. I hope this helps others understand why computers and the Internet are so important to have access to. Webster’s New World Compact Dictionary defines a computer as â€Å"an electronic machine that performs rapid, complex calculations or compiles and correlates data† (Computer, 1995, p. 226). While this definition gives one a very narrow view of what a computer is capable of doing, it does describe the basic ideas of what I will expand upon. We have been living through an age of computers for a short while now, and there are already many people worldwide that are computer literate. According to Using Computers: A Gateway to Information World Wide Web Edition, over 250 million Personal Computers (PC’s) were in use by 1995, and one out of every three homes had a PC (Shelly, Cashman, & Waggoner, 1996,p138). Computers are easy to use when you know how they work and what the parts are. All computers perform the four basic operations of the information processing cycle: input, process, output, and storage. Data, any kind of raw facts, is required for the processing cycle to occur. Data is processed into useful information by the computer hardware. Most computer systems consist of a monitor, a system unit which contains the Central Processing Unit (CPU), a floppy-disk drive, a CD-ROM drive, speakers, a keyboard, a mouse, and a printer. Each component takes a part in one of the four operations. The keyboard and mouse are input devices I use to enter data into the computer. From there the data goes to the system unit where it is processed into useful information the computer can understand and work with. Next the processed data can be sent to storage devices or to output devices. Normally output is sent to the monitor where I can view it or stored on the hard-disk or to a floppy-disk located internal of the system unit. Output can also be printed out through the printer, or can be played through the speakers as sound depending on the form it takes after it is processed. Once I had grasped an understanding of the basic parts and operations of a computer, I then discovered how computers were going to make my life easier and more enjoyable. Being computer literate allows you to use many powerful software applications and utilities to do work for school, business, or pleasure. Microsoft is the current leading producer of many of these applications and utilities. Since Microsoft is the largest software producer it stands to reason most people including myself probably use one of their products on a daily basis. As for myself, I use a variety of software products from many different software vendors. Microsoft has also produced a software package called Microsoft Office that is very useful in creating reports, databases, spreadsheets, presentations, and other documents for school and work. Included in Microsoft Office, are Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, and Microsoft PowerPoint. Microsoft Word is a word processing program that makes creating professional looking documents such as announcements, resumes, letters, address books, and reports easy to do. I use Word everyday in my job. I write many letters and other forms of communications to my customers or fellow employees at Hewlett-Packard. Microsoft Excel, a spreadsheet program, has features for data organization, calculations, decision-making, and graphing. I find it very useful in making professional looking reports. I also use it for tracking my sales and income using its spreadsheet capabilities. Microsoft PowerPoint is â€Å"a complete presentation graphics program that allows you to produce professional looking presentations† (Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 1996,p. 2). PowerPoint is flexible enough so that you can create electronic presentations, overhead transparencies, or even 35mm slides. I don t use this as much as the others, but I do use it when giving tours to students who visit Hewlett-Packard. When I using the Internet it allows me access to a vast resource of facts, knowledge, information, and entertainment that can help me do my work and have fun. According to Netscape Navigator 2 running under Windows 3. 1, â€Å"the Internet is a collection of networks, each of which is composed of a collection of smaller networks† (Shelly, Cashman, & Jordan, 1995, p. 12). Information can be sent over the Internet through communication lines in the form of graphics, sound, video, animation, and text. These forms of computer media are known as hypermedia. Hypermedia is accessed through hypertext links, which are pointers to the computer where the hypermedia is stored. The World Wide Web (WWW) is the collection of these hypertext links throughout the Internet. Each computer that contains hypermedia on the WWW is known as a Web site and has Web pages set up for users to access the hypermedia. Browsers such as Netscape allow me to â€Å"surf the net† and search for the hypermedia of their choice. I have found millions of examples of hypermedia on the Internet. While surfing I also found art, photos, information on business, the government, and colleges, television schedules, movie reviews, music lyrics, online news and magazines, sport sights of all kinds, games, books, and thousands of other hypermedia on the WWW. Through the Internet I can use, electronic mail (E-Mail), chat with other users around the world, buy airline, sports, and music tickets, and shop for a house or a car. All of this, and more, provides me with a limitless supply of information for research, business, entertainment, or other personal use. Online services such as America Online, Prodigy, or CompuServe make it even easier to access the power of the Internet. The Internet alone is almost reason enough to become computer literate, but there is still much more that computers can do. One of my favorite reasons for having a computer is for playing video games. With a PC you can play card games, simulation games, sport games, strategy games, fighting games, and adventure games. Today’s technology provides the ultimate experiences in color, graphics, sound, music, full motion video, animation, and 3D effects. Computers have also become increasingly useful in the music, film, and television industry. I have used my computer to compose music, create sound effects, create special effects, and create 3D life-like animation. I haven t done this but I know its possible to edit previous existing movie and TV footage into new programs, as seen in the movie Forrest Gump. All this and more can be done with computers. I feel that there is truly no time like the present to become computer literate. Computers will be doing even more things in the future and will become unavoidable. Purchasing and learning about a new PC now will help put PC’s into the other two-thirds of the homes worldwide and make the transition into a computer age easier. I believe everyone should own a computer regardless of age. The time is now, and the future is here.

Participant-Observer Exercise Essay

First of all, I am grateful to all class members and our instructor for the experience that I was able to acquire during this course. This is a good example of experiential learning – here we all had opportunities to transform our theoretical knowledge into real life experience. It really proved effective. I may also note that the last group engagement exercise did not disprove my previous hypotheses: with time and the experience of joint work we all got more confident about the tasks, and with the raise of confidence our productivity increased. I think we all got to know each other better and it increased the level of confidence. My hypothesis for this week is: â€Å"Group work gets real meaning and becomes more productive when group members bring in their personal insights and personal experiences instead of confining themselves to theorizing and relying on common sense. † At first, we knew each other too little to be open and share our personal experience. With time, we got to know each other better and gradually became more relaxed about sharing our thoughts. I think it had a positive impact on our performance. It helped to provide more examples of the concepts we presented. Our task was to discuss experiential learning and how it assists in exercising leadership and understanding group dynamics. We focused on several chosen principles in our presentation, and each of us was able to vitalize theory by referring to specific examples. This level of openness was quite impossible during the first exercise. Personal insights helped us all better understand theory and make a more interesting presentation. In fact, this experience once again proves Principle 9 that we discussed in our presentation: â€Å"The more supportive, accepting, and caring the social environment, the freer a person is to experiment with new behaviors, attitudes, and action theories† (Johnson & Johnson, 2009, p. 51). Since all were open and ready to introduce a personal insight, we felt the environment to be rather supportive and accepting. As a result, we felt more confident and could communicate our thoughts freely. It provided greater value to our group work and helped to fulfill our task more successfully. References Johnson, D. W. , & Johnson, F. P. (2009). Joining together: Group theory and group skills. 10th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Personal management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal management - Essay Example Some recommendations have also been suggested for organizations about how they can implement workforce diversity in an effective and efficient manner. Diversity can be defined as understanding, acknowledging, valuing, celebrating and accepting differences that exist amongst people in relation to various factors like age, ethnicity, class, gender, mental ability, physical ability, sexual orientation, race, status of public assistance and spiritual practice (Esty, Griffin, & Hirsh, 1995). Not only gender and race but there are many differential factors which explain the term diversity. If we talk of a workplace, diversity is manifested through different forms like gender, age, physical attributes, ethnicity, educational background, sexual orientation, marital status, income, spiritual practice, geographical location, work experience, parental status, etc. Workplace diversity is becoming more and more pronounced because of the advent of globalization. The success of a business organization and its rate of growth can be determined through its ability to manage diversity in different aspects of the company in an efficient and effective manner. The organization can think of growth and development only if it is ready to accept people coming from various beliefs and background in its company so as to develop an organizational culture which would allow everyone to work together in the form of a team. One of the primary ways to achieve this objective by an organization is by valuing diversity and working for it. As days are passing diversity is becoming an important issue for an organization because the employees of the companies are becoming more and more heterogeneous in nature. Organizations have realized the importance of workforce diversity and how it can increase productivity and lead the company towards growth and development in the future. The trend of increasing diversity is observable in a significant way amongst

Health Promotion - Blood glucose monitoring Essay

Health Promotion - Blood glucose monitoring - Essay Example He frequently works during unsocial hours and has a very unhealthy life style as he relies on fast foods from cafes for his meals. He is overweight with Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 and is finding it challenging to maintain a normal blood glucose level. He is also concerned that he may lose his job should he be commenced on insulin. John stated that his weight and little exercise might have been a contributing factor for his newly diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes is a condition that occurs when the body can’t use glucose, a type of sugar which isnormally the main source of energy for the body’s cells. The levels of glucose in the blood are controlled by a hormone called insulin which is made by the pancreas & which helps glucose to move from the blood into the body’s cells. Diabetes is caused when there is resistance to or deficient production of insulin.When the body does not produce or use enough insulin the cells cannot use the glucose for energy and the blood glucose level rises. This means that the body will instead start to break down its own fat and muscle for energy Aryangat, AV. Gerich, JE. (2010).There is two primary types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes occurs when the immune system destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that create insulin. As a result the body makes very little or no insulin of its own, which means that people with type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body cannot properly use the insulin it does create. Eventually the pancreas may stop producing insulin altogether. Type 2 diabetes can affect people at any age. In men and women, the more overweight an individual is the greater the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (Jarrett, RJ. et al. 1976). The purpose of this paper is to discuss health promotion in nursing practice, the evolving roles and responsibilities of the nurse in health promotion and the implementation of these roles. Health

I will download directions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

I will download directions - Essay Example These are the ideals of Integrity thoroughly highlighted by Stephen L. Carter in his The Rules About The Rules. According to Carter, a person’s individual life does not bear the importance howsoever healthy, peaceful and happy it is. ‘Integrity’ demands to influence the lives of others by bringing them under the attributes of ‘right’. This is the principle which guides the United States of America in its hazardous efforts to bring tranquility and peace in the world. It means what it has been following since its very birth are the lights of ‘Integrity’. Thomas Jefferson, in his â€Å"Declaration of Independence† has worded that all men are created equal (p 13). I disagree because the equality as stated by Jefferson does not extend to all men. Some are superiors in terms of qualities, the others inferior. But this is not what Jefferson wants to communicate; he has his own philosophy of the statement having a certain background. What he wants to convey is that all men are created equal in terms of the rights of freedom, joy and aspiration for happiness. He complains against the ruthless approach of the British Government towards the inhabitants of the American Colony. He demands for the due rights all the humans deserve in common. Jefferson here satisfies the first condition of Carter’s explanation of the word â€Å"Integrity† (p 6). ... Surely he has done it with the resources available to him at that time. It means Jefferson is a man of Integrity by the definition of Carter. Jefferson satisfies me because he has grasped something wrong, figured it out loudly before the community and also fought for its stoppage. Jefferson is therefore a man of integrity to me as well. Apart from Thomas Jefferson, the United States of America feels proud of having the services of two other great names in its history; Thomas Jefferson known for his Declaration Of Independence and Martin Luther King for his Letter From Birmingham Jail. Both the documents bear extreme importance in the history of United States of America and England. Both voice the injustices of the Britain government. Both are similar in nature complaining against the cruel policies of the British government towards the minorities. Both claim that they deserve the right to raise voice against the brutalities of the government. Here, there is a call for justice. For in stance Jefferson cries out against the King of Britain to have obstructed the administration of justice by denying the Judiciary its powers (p 14) whereas Martin Luther King weeps over the fact that the orders of the Judiciary are not being obeyed in England as in the decision of Supreme Court in 1954 (p 167). If Jefferson terms the King guilty of ordering the officers for the harassment of their men (p 14), Martin Luther views the attitude of the Police towards the Negroes as brutal (p 172). The Declaration Of Independence tells that the people of America were deprived of their basic civil and social rights like carrying out trade with other nations of the world. Besides, the King looted their wealth over sea, coasts and towns and imposed unjust taxes on them (Jefferson, p 14). Letter

Plagiarism disscussion 1 wk 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plagiarism disscussion 1 wk 4 - Assignment Example Having been expelled from the school on the basis of plagiarism may darken the individual’s academic and professional career thereafter. Students dropped out of school for such reasons find it hard to get admission in reputable universities or get recommendation letters from their former teachers. Personal consequences of plagiarism include compromised ability to think creatively, and poor academic writing skills. Unless an individual learns how to avoid plagiarism, his/her writing lacks the standard that is appreciated among the academicians and professionals. The most fundamental way of avoiding plagiarism is thoroughly reading and comprehending the guidelines given by the American Psychological Association (APA). In addition to that, one should practice writing following those guidelines. The more the practice, the better the chances of zero plagiarism. Some writers think that if they write an excerpt by themselves without actually plagiarizing, they can use it multiple times anywhere because it is their property. This is termed as ‘self-plagiarism’ (iThenticate, 2011). A writer may reproduce his/her own writing in the future but not without citing the previous source that he/she had written in the

Utilisation of Electrical Energy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Utilisation of Electrical Energy - Assignment Example The average consumption of electric energy around the world is approximately 19 % of the total electric energy produced. This calls for the specialized improvement in the lighting efficiency to save energy which translates to conservation of the environment. Different environment requires different lighting luminaries. The choice of a specific lighting luminary in a given environment depends on several factors. Some of the factors that influence the choice of lighting luminaires in given environments include the availability of natural light, the intensity of light required, the availability of energy sources – in this case electricity – among others. This paper discusses the common discharge luminary in different environments. The chosen environments include office building, an indoor – 5 –a – side – pitch, and Cul-de-sac street lighting Office Building For efficiency lighting in an office building, there must be sufficient source of light. This implies that the lighting luminaries used must have a high light intensity. Since the light is always switched on, the luminary must have the capacity to save energy. Considering this factors among others, the best luminary suited for an office building is Fluorescent Lamp. This is the best choice due to the following advantages: Fluorescent lights are cheap Fluorescent lamps generally have a very good luminous efficacy Fluorescent lamps have a very long lamp life (Ranges from 10 000 hours to 16000 hours). This implies less maintenance costs They come in large varieties of CCT and CRI Fluorescent Lamp Construction, Operation and Associated Circuitry The associated circuitry of fluorescent lamp is shown in figure 1 below. Figure 1. The associated circuitry of a fluorescent lamp. Construction and Operation In a fluorescent lamp, light is predominantly produced by fluorescent powders which are activated by ultra – violet radiation originating from mercury. This type of ligh t source is characterized by low – pressure gas discharge light source. Physically, the lamp is composed of a long tubular pipe that contains an electrode on both sides. This tubular pipe is filled with low pressure mercury vapour which is enhanced with an inert gas, in this case, argon, for starting. The emission of the light occurs in the ultraviolet region. The wavelength of the energy emitted falls in the range of 254 – 185 nanometres. The ultraviolet radiation produced is, then, converted into light by the phosphor layer which is coated on the inside of the tube. Most of the initial photon energy, 65 %, is lost by the dissipation since one ultraviolet photon produces only one visible photon. Moreover, the final spectral of the light that is distributed can be varied. This is by different combinations of phosphors. The CCT (Correlated Colour Temperature) of fluorescent light varies from 2700 Kelvin to 6500 kelvin. On the other hand, the colour rendering indices var ies from 50 to 95. Different fluorescent lamps have different luminous efficacy depending on their construction. The latest fluorescent lamp has a luminous efficacy of 100 lm/W. This excludes the ballast losses. The operation of a fluorescent lamp is shown in figure 2 below. Figure 2. The operation of a fluorescent lamp. Fluorescent lamps have an ever increasing current. This is harmful since it can destroy the lamp (National Industrial Pollution Control Council. Electric and Nuclear Sub-Council, United States. Dept. of Commerce, 1972). Thus, to correct this, it is designed in such a way that it limits the lamp current. This is seen in instances where it displays the negative voltage to counteract the ever increasing c

Adolescent therapy for parent-adolescent crises regarding personal Essay

Adolescent therapy for parent-adolescent crises regarding personal freedom - Essay Example 2), and as he/she also encounters other unexpected life events such as sudden change in family structure, changes in the school or in schooling, and accidents that can impinge on his/her well-being. (Dumont & Provost, 1999, p. 343) As adolescents undergo this transitory stage, â€Å"many features of their social world are transformed† (Brown & Huang, 1995, p. 151), of which the most dramatic is no other than peer relations, wherein the teenager establishes his/her standing among peers. (Brown, 1990, p. 171). â€Å"They begin to spend more time with and value their friends more than they used to. Thus, it might seem as if they are starting to cut ties with parents and reject their ideals† (Guzman, 2007, p. 1751). Previous research by Berndt (1979), Hunter & Youniss (1982), Selman (1980) has linked the decline in parental authority over adolescents to the dominance of the peer group (as cited in Smetana & Asquith, 1994, p. 1148), which â€Å"have been found to assume greater importance in adolescence than in middle childhood† (Savin-Williams & Berndt, 1990; Youniss & Smollar, 1989, as cited in Ibid) With this, some theories suggest that adolescents become more independent as the power of family to control them weakens. (Adelson & Doehrman, 1980, Blos, 1979, Freud, 1965, 1969, as cited in Peterson, Bush, & Supple, 1999, p. 431; Freud, 1958, as cited in Brown & Huang, 1995, p. 151) However, a significant number of empirical researches show otherwise. Researches by Baltes and Silverburg (1994), Baumrind (1991), Collins and Repinski (1994), Cooper, Grotevant, and Condon (1983), Grotevant and Cooper (1986) Hill and Holmbeck (1986), Offer, Ostrov, and Howard (1981), Peterson (1995), Sebald (1986), Steinberg (1990), Silverberg and Gondoli (1996), and Youniss and Smollar (1985) revealed that â€Å"adolescent autonomy emerges within a family context in which the young expresses admiration for, seek advise from, and

Thirty-Eight Saw Murder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Thirty-Eight Saw Murder - Research Paper Example Sometimes, it is very rare to find a law enforcement agency being associated with positive things (Neild, 2001). The problem with this is the assumption they cannot carry out their jobs effectively. This means that whenever a problem arises they might be the last persons to know about it. Also, trying to deal with people who care less about others is another problem. The murder of a woman in the year 1964 is such a case. It happened in New York. The woman was stalked and stabbed to death. She might have considered them her neighbours, but when she needed them, they could do nothing to help her. This paper will review the crime, and the justice system which the accused should have faced. Description of the Crime Being a manager at a bar, Miss Genovese Katherine, known as Kitty to her neighbours, was heading home at the time of the incident. She had just gotten into the neighbourhood at around half past three in the morning. When she had parked her car and was about to get to her apart ment, she noticed a man by the far end of the parking lot. She decided to head to a call box. This is where the number to the 102nd precinct could be found. However, before she could reach the call box, the man had gotten to her, grabbed her and stabbed her (Gansberg, 1964). She screamed for help. At that time, a man opened a window and shouted at the man. The man without any fear looked up, shrugged, and decided to walk away slowly. As the lights went out, the killer went back to Kitty, who was now struggling to get back to her feet. She wanted to get to the other side of the building. However, before she could do this, her assailant got to her, and stabbed her again. As she shrieked the second time, many more lights came on. When the assailant saw this, he got in his vehicle and drove away. At the same time as Kitty was trying to back on her feet, a city bus passed by (Gansberg, 1964). By that time, it was thirty five minutes past three o’clock. Nobody, however, bothered to come and check on Kitty after the second attempt on her life. This is where the attacker came again. By that time, she had managed to crawl to the back of a freshly painted building. She had hoped that it would offer some protection. This was not to be. The attacker tried the first door, but she was not there. He found her strewn on the floor at the second one, and stabbed her again. This time, it was fatal. The police arrived at the scene in two minutes after receiving a call from a man who claimed to be Kitty’s neighbour (Gansberg, 1964). That was about ten minutes to four o’clock. Immediately an ambulance took off with her corpse the neighbours came out of their houses. As they were re-constructing the crime scene, they asked them why nobody called the police. One man said that he heard everything but was too tired to do anything. He said that he went back to bed. Another woman anxiously said that she did not want her husband to get involved. What was shocking abou t it was that the person who had called the police did it after seeking advice form a friend in another area. Then afterwards, he had to cross the roof to another apartment to have an elderly woman to make the call. Upon further inquiry, he sheepishly said that he did not want to get involved (Gansberg, 1964). The department said that at least thirty eight people witnessed this crime. However, not one could prevent the death of Miss Genovese. Process in the Criminal Justice System Upon arrest, which was

The End of the Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The End of the Vietnam War - Essay Example Nixon declared in 1969 that he would prolong the American involvement in the Vietnam War, in order to conclude the conflict and acquire â€Å"peace with honor† for the United States and for its partner, South Vietnam (U.S. Department of State, no date). Nixon defined his policy as â€Å"Vietnamization,† where the South Vietnamese aimed to attain greater combat functions, as Americans slowly withdrew from Vietnam (Simon, 2002). Vietnamization needed time, however, and to buy time, Nixon convinced the American public that the war had to be extended to attain peace. His popular vote margin in the 1968 election was â€Å"razor thin,† but to his advantage, the Democratic coalition was devastated in 1968 and political opportunities abounded (Simon, 2002). The administration maximized these opportunities through a â€Å"politics of polarization,† where they tapped the â€Å"silent majority,† while trying to isolate opponents and categorize them as differen t forms of extremists (Simon, 2002). This included defining the efforts of the anti-war movement in negative ways and maligning the media, whose role in influencing the support for the war had increased. America prolonged the war through bombing North Vietnam after failed negotiations efforts. Communist North Vietnam's leaders believed that they had time enough to delay the negotiations, which they did. In March 1972, they tried to sidestep negotiations altogether with a full-scale incursion of the South (U.S. Department of State, no date). The United States called it as the Easter Offensive and the North Vietnamese seemed to win. By late summer, nonetheless, Nixon's used American air power to dent the offensive. In response to this air power, the North Vietnamese started to negotiate once more (U.S. Department of State, no date). In early October, American and North Vietnamese representatives had a meeting in Paris. By October 11, they generated a peace agreement. The key component s included a cease-fire in place 24 hours after signing the agreement; U.S. forces and all foreign troops would pull out from South Vietnam no later than 60 days after signing the agreement; and American prisoners would be released concurrently with the pulling out of American and foreign forces. On October 22, South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu stopped the talks. He did not support the cease-fire agreement, because it left thousands of North Vietnamese soldiers in South Vietnam, who could strategically continue the war, as the Americans departed (U.S. Department of State, no date). To get Thieu’s support, the Americans restarted negotiations with the North Vietnamese. The North Vietnamese got offended and negotiated other issues too and by December, the talks caved in. The War Raged On Nixon argued that with failed diplomacy, only force can be used to force Hanoi to negotiate with the United States. The President instructed his military commanders to mine Haiphong H arbor and to begin a nonstop air campaign in the Hanoi-Haiphong region. On December 26, the North Vietnamese decided to renegotiate with the U.S. on early January. On January 1973, the Americans and North Vietnamese reached a settlement and all parties signed the final agreement in Paris on January 27. America, however, was the only one who

Affirmative action at the work place Essay Example for Free

Affirmative action at the work place Essay Affirmative action is a concept used as a justice seeking tool comprising of policies to address intimidating aspects of a non dominant or minor group. Such groups include women, minority men and physically disabled people. Affirmative action increases these groups access to facilities such as employment and education. The motivation for affirmative action comes in times when a perception or actual negative aspect towards a certain group is experienced, but illegal according to legislative bodies. It is also applied in learning and service delivery institutions such as police forces, hospitals or universities to motivate them to act more responsibly to the people they represent. According to Bulman (2006), affirmative action at the work place is a concept that should be applied in all departments. This is because many working places are characterized by cultural, social and political diversity (p.45). This is to say that people come from different communities, races, religions, political backgrounds, gender, national origins, and age, physical and mental health capabilities. This calls for affirmative action to fight for the weak mass within the working place, as these upgrades the workforce diversity. Racial and gender based discrimination in a working environment comes in the areas of granting jobs, in promotional programs and admission to institutions causing unfairness and inhumanity aspects in the working environment. Affirmative action in an employment environment illustrates both the prescriptive indicators and double edge quality in working together. Strong form of affirmative action should be the abolishment of race and sex consciousness in the times of hiring, promotion and in layoff preferences. Â  The need and essentiality of constructing integrated society in the workplace is to develop a forward looking and pragmatic staff. The diversity bestowed on company employees signifies diversity in its location and therefore employers need a law to govern them for maintenance of the diversity. The ideology of preferences among equally qualified applicants has a negative perception at this time when diversity is so widely acknowledged. The support extended to workplace diversity leaves open both questions of means and ends. Enhancement of affirmative action can literally be done through encouraging application from disadvantaged groups during recruitment programs. As a result, some preferences may be extended to the groups perceived to be underrepresented. Affirmative action should be mostly adopted by government organizations for they are highly affected by discrimination along ethnicity and gender lines (Loury, 2003, p.13). Adoption of this will make state parties to diminish or eliminate situations which help in perpetuating discrimination. For the government to assist implementation of this, each company should be given some legal minimum requirements to comply, in the area of representation by the disadvantaged groups in their various departments of work. The matters of concern that should be addressed are equity ownership, representation within management, employee level up to board of directors level, procurement of businesses and other several social investment programs. Affirmative action prevents discrimination in lines with hiring bias, promotion, job assignment, compensation, retaliation and all sorts of harassments. Work place is a unique and important site for development of corporative and social ties of different groups. It has of late become the centre for corporation, socialization, and solidarity, which emerge as primary features of human psychology. This has also been tightened by affirmative action move, which has promoted equity in opportunity and demographic heterogeneity and the imposition of rudimentary virtues of freedom of association and communication (Mellot, 2006, p.7). The conventionality in the diversity argument hardly spins the value of demographic based on heterogeneity and is mostly made to ensure work place integration. The process of affirmative action thus starts with pooling different people of different identities and backgrounds together. Different experiences and attitudes thought to correspond to demographic variations in the work place are eroded easily, thus emphasizing on common ground and connectedness across the difference lines. In places where many people live and work together elements like friction in decision making, turnover and dissatisfaction are eminent. The challenge is devising the ways and means to ameliorate the emerging tensions. In the employment context, workers should be protected equally and completely rule out employment abuses such as unequal treatment of treating employees, job applicants and former employees due to differences in a group membership. Employers have to take care of pregnant mothers or related medical conditions. It is against affirmative action move to discriminate workers in lines of discharging, hiring, compensating, terms provision, conditions and employment related privileges (Mellot, 2006, p. 9). From societal point of it, the employees form a part of society. They have to take that as their own community, live in it and a system of governance should exist within. Application of many cooperative interracial interactions in the workplace ensures the living together and governance. Because of the diversity brought in by the globalization process, interactions that lead to reasonable and controllable frictions should be allowed to pave way to brainstorming and creativity. From the societal calculus, the side of the employer is less considered.

Laser beam welding

Laser beam welding Introduction: Laser Beam Welding â€Å"LBW† is a contemporary welding process that is a high energy beam that continues to expand into new industries and new applications because of its advantages like deep welding and reduced heat inputs. Profound Manufacturers sought to automate the welding process caused the expansion of the laser beam welding process to include computers and more sophisticated technology to increase the product quality and more accurate control of the welding process. From More than 20 years ago, when laser welding was in its early life was used primarily for bizarre applications where no other welding process would be suitable. Nowadays, laser welding is an imperative part of the metal toil industry. How It Works: The Focal point is aimed on the work piece surface that will be welded. At the surface the large concentration of light energy is converted into thermal energy. The surface of the work piece starts melting and steps forward through it by surface conductance. For welding process, the beam energy is maintained below the vaporization temperature of the material. In Fig. 1 the laser beam is directed on the work piece. â€Å"To the point that the laser beam contacts the work piece, all the components that direct it are transparent, refractive or reflective, absorbing only small amounts of energy from the ultraviolet light.† The laser power supply is capable of delivering a pulse of light that has accurate and repeatable energy and duration. When the pulse of laser energy is focused into a small spot at the surface of the work piece, the energy density becomes enormous. The light is engrossed by the work piece, causing a keyhole effect as the focused beam drills into, vaporizes and melts some of the metal. As described in fig. 2. As the pulse ends, the liquefied metal around the keyhole flows back in, solidifying and creating a small spot weld, moving the work piece or the laser emitter along the surface of the work piece creates a series or spot weld that is called a â€Å"seam†. Similarities And Differences To Other Welding Processes When compared to other welding processes, laser welding has some similar as well as some unique characteristics Like GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding), laser welding is a fusion process performed under inert cover gas, where filler material is most times not added. Like electron beam welding, Laser welding is a high energy density beam process, where energy is targeted directly on the workpiece. Laser differs from both GTAW and EB (electron beam) welding in that it does not require that the workpiece complete an electrical circuit. And since electron beam welding must be performed inside a vacuum chamber, laser welding can almost always offer a cost advantage over EB in both tooling and production pricing. Advantages Of Laser Welding One of the largest advantages that pulsed laser welding offers is the minimal amount of heat that is added during processing. The repeated pulsing of the beam allows for cooling between each spot weld, resulting in a very small heat affected zone. This makes laser welding ideal for thin sections or products that require welding near electronics or glass-to-metal seals. Low heat input, combined with an optical (not electrical) process, also means greater flexibility in tooling design and materials. Industries Served: 1- Aerospace. 2- Defense/military. 3- Electronics. 4- Research development. 5- Medical. 6- Sensors instrumentation. 7- Petrochemical refining. 8- Communications energy. Laser Safety â€Å"Lasers emit a very concentrated beam that can be visible or invisible. In general, most lasers used for welding are invisible. This beam of infrared light could focus onto the skin or eye unless safety precautions are observed. Industrial laser systems are fully interlocked to prevent any danger to operators. Most are equipped with National Center for Devices and Radiological Health covers that contain the actual laser operation, permitting people working nearby to perform normally.† With proper design and careful precautions, laser systems are no more dangerous than other welding systems or similar machine tools.

Database Management System (DBMS) Software Research

Database Management System (DBMS) Software Research 5-2 FINAL PROJECT MILESTONE THREE: DBMS RESEARCH AND RECOMMENDATION DBMS A.Research and Analysis: A database management system (DBMS) software is employed to manage the organization, storage, access, security and integrity of structured data. It could come as a set of flat files stored on computer tape/disk, or it could consist of database tables that are managed by the system. The different types of DBMS products include: relational, network and hierarchical. Currently, the most widely and commonly used type is the Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS). (http://dbms.ca/concepts/types.html). In addition to security, one of the biggest advantages of using a DBMS is that it allows end users and application programmers the access and use of the same data while managing data integrity. Data is better protected and maintained since it can be shared using a DBMS, rather than having to create new iterations of the same data to be stored in new files and for every new application. The centrally stored data can be accessed by multiple users in a controlled manner. However, a DBMS that is required to perform additional work to provide these advantages brings with it the overhead. In other words, a DBMS will use more memory and CPU than a simple file storage system, as well as require different types and levels of system resources. (Rouse). Several DBMS applications are currently available: Oracle, IBM, MySQL, Microsoft SQL, Amazon AWS, FileMaker, Teradata, MaraDB, SAP, Adminer, MongoDB, Ingres, Firebird, PostgreSQL, HP Vertica, Alpha, WizeHive, Apache, TeamDesk and Couchbase to name a few. (http://www.capterra.com/database-management-software/#infographic). For over three decades, the primary operational DBMS has been relational. It continues to be dominated by industry giants such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server and IBM DB2. Similarities: Each one having been used for production systems all along proves that the technologies involved in these three market-leading products are sound. For Unix and Linux installations, the primary choices are Oracle and IBM DB2. Oracle is the market leader on these platforms. Although other DBMSes in a Linux partition can be run on the mainframe, IBM is ideal for a large organization with a mainframe. For Windows platform, all three are viable options. Naturally, Microsoft is the clear leader on its own OS. All three of the leading DBMS products are highly rated in terms of performance, application development capabilities, support, ease of use and functionality. (Mullins.) Differences: Oracle: Given its installed base and wide platform support, skilled Oracle Database technicians and developers are readily available.   Likewise, an abundance of tools for Oracle database administration, application development and data movement/management are accessible. In short, the ensured skills and tooling are not an issue with Oracle. (Mullins). Function-wise, Oracle keeps pace with many new and advanced features, e.g., JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) support, temporal capabilities and multi-tenancy. The new Oracle Database In-Memory is an option that uses in-memory columnar technology to enable enterprises to accelerate the performance of their business analytics easily and transparently. (Mullins). Overall, customers give Oracle high marks for performance and availability. However, cost-wise, Oracle has a reputation as being expensive to license and support. Additionally, public opinion indicates that in North America and Europe, Oracle ranked lowest in terms of ease of doing business. (Mullins). IBM DB2: This DBMS is Oracles biggest competitor on Unix and Linux OS. DB2 is additionally available on Windows, z/OS mainframe and iSeries midrange servers. Although skilled DB2 developers and DBAs are likely to be more difficult to hire, compared to Oracle, experienced DB2 professionals are not scarce, albeit there is the need to differentiate by platform (e.g., mainframe DB2 for z/OS skills are different and somewhat more difficult to find than for DB2 for LUW; DB2 SQL is almost identical between the z/OS and LUW platforms.) Likewise, there are several developments, data movement and DBA tools available for this DBMS both from IBM and other independent software vendors (ISVs). (Mullins). Functionally speaking, DB2 is regularly revised and updated with market-leading features, (e.g., JSON support, temporal capabilities, shadow tables and advanced compression). With the DB2 SQL compatibility feature, IBM is able to run Oracle applications in DB2 for LUW, requiring no changes to business logic in the client code, triggers or stored procedures. Additionally, the DB2 includes compression capabilities and column store capabilities. (Mullins). Microsoft SQL Server: Its current version is SQL Server 2016. It runs on Linux and MAC and supports numerous Windows versions. Naturally, there are plenty of skilled SQL Server developers and DBAs, just as there are several available tools supporting development, data movement and database administration both from Microsoft and ISVs. SQL Server licenses come with Analysis Services, Integration Services and Reporting Services that provide functionality. These are typically required add-on tools for the other DBMSes (e.g., Oracle and IBM DB2). These added features enable SQL Server customers to minimize their budget for tooling. (Mullins). Technological- and functional-wise, Microsoft keeps current with the market, (features such as stretch database capabilities for integrating on-premises with cloud, strong encryption capabilities, integration of Hadoop with relational data using the Polybase feature and improved in-database analytics capabilities). Microsoft features Azure, its cloud-integration vision for SQL Server. This includes simplified backup to Azure and the ability to set up an Azure virtual machine as an always-on secondary. (Mullins). However, since Microsoft lacks a database appliance (e.g., Oracles Exadata and IBMs PureData System), Microsoft is not a realistic option if one is looking for as a pure plug-and-play database appliance. However, there are third-party appliances available that embed SQL Server. Additionally, Microsoft offers the Microsoft Analytics Platform System, which is an analytics appliance that integrates SQL Server with data from Hadoop (an open-source software framework used to store data and run applications on clusters of commodity hardware). (Mullins). B. Recommendation: Microsoft Access allows users a way to create desktop databases. It is an easy-to-use tool for quickly creating browser-based database applications. Data is automatically stored in a SQL database, so its more secure than ever, and the applications can easily be shared with colleagues. (https://products.office.com/en-us/access). Access, for its simplicity and ease of use, can be appropriate for the organization. The data can be exported into SQL. Although SQL has a steeper learning curb (compared to Access) and based on the advantages listed above, it is recommended that the organization employ Microsoft SQL Server from the start. This will eliminate the need to learn an entirely new/different software application. Additionally, Access is available for purchase or by subscription only, whereas SQL is free to download and use. SQL has plenty of technical support available. This is essential for the owner and his staff, who lack any technical training or background. Skilled developers are in abundance. They can further enhance or develop the database as needed. In addition to SQLs product dependency and reputation, Microsoft has a practice of further developing its products to meet the demands of the market, to satisfy its customers and to stay in competition. All the above benefits ensure that as the organization grows, the database system can grow along side, without the need to switch. C.Hardware, Software Recommendation: Vince Roberts, the owner of Vinces Vinyl, is not technologically savvy. He requires the most fundamental training. Both recommended software applications provide plentiful online support in the forms of manuals, tutorials and videos. He has been using and is accustomed to a Windows 8 computer. He has no plans to switch to another platform any time soon. With either or both recommended software, he is not required to upgrade his system. Additionally, he is beginning to become familiar with and comfortable using his Android tablet and smart phone. Eventually, he would like to be able to access his database using all available devices and from any location. Both or either cloud-based Access and Microsoft SQL Server data can be accessed through the means available to him.

Conversations of Thought :: Conversating Thinking thoughts Essays

Conversations of Thought There are written and read conversations taking place this very moment. The written conversation is one that happens between me (ongoing thought- conversation) and what is written onto paper. The read conversation takes place when a person, other than me, picks up what I’ve written and reads it. Thought-conversation is going on in my writing to you today; there are some going on in collegiate assembly halls, and in the conscious minds of many. However, I cannot—nor can you at the moment—read (make believe you’re not reading this right now---oops, I’ve just Ong’ed you) or hear most of these arguments, debates, agreements, disagreements, assertions that carry on. If that is true we are fine for the moment. Granted, one is standing adjacent to and overhearing an English seminar that is discussing and synthesizing the views and works of a range of the most influential modern theorists of the humanities and social sciences. This confined seminar ( audience) is expected to interact with, value, debate, and/ or construct opinions for or against a text—thus leading some to new thought-conversational thought processes. This, however, excludes the standby-audience member, the reader-listener, as an active participant of the dominant- authoritative discourse from that seminar. Hence, the author’s (the professor) methodology creates a specific, yet unrestrained, â€Å"aimed-towards them† discourse and not for the standby reader-listener. â€Å"His† audience (who says that an audience is his anyway?) will have to later â€Å"write†, â€Å"talk† and â€Å"think† about texts. This notion does not stand alone—paradoxically speaking of the standby reader-listener who is standing alone and adjacent to the seminar. These â€Å"standby† reader-listeners aren’t â€Å"intentionally† or even, in this case, â€Å"fictionally† given the right to speak in this confined pre-registered, fore-planned discourse. Likewise, they aren’t fictionally thought of as potential readers. With this analogy, I find confluence in central arguments made by Ong, Bartholomae and Foucault that are worth mentioning. I am not disputing the rhetoric of these three great thinkers/ readers. I am simply attempting to â€Å"define a position of privilege, a position that sets [me] against a ‘common’ discourse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  working â€Å"self-consciously, critically, against not only the ‘common’ code but [my] own† (Bartholomae 644). However, for now, I am suggesting that a reader doesn’t â€Å"have to play the role in which the author has cast him† (Ong 60), but that there is more to it.

Robert E. Lee Essay -- Robert Lee Biography Biograhies Essays

Robert E. Lee   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert E. Lee was born on January 19, 1807 in Stafford, Virginia. The son of Lighthorse Harry Lee and was educated at the U.S. Military academy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1829 he graduated second in his class receiving a commission as second lieutenant in 1836 and captain in 1838. He distinguished himself in the Mexican War and was wounded in the storming of Chapultepec in 1847; for his meritorious service he received his third promotion in rank.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He became superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy and later appointed colonel of calvery. He was in command of the Department of Texas in 1860 and early the following year was summoned to Washington, D.C., when war between the states seemed imminent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  President Abraham Lincoln offered him the field of command of the Union forces but Lee refused. On April, 20 when Virginia succeeded from the Union, he submitted his resignation of the U.S. Army.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On April 23 he became commander in chief of the military and naval forces of Virginia. For a year he was military adviser to Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States of America, and was then placed in command of the Army in northern Virginia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In February 1865 Lee was made commander in chief of all Confederate armies; two months later the war was virtually ended by his surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The masterly strategy of Lee was overcome only by the superior resources and troop str...

Crime News Analysis Essay -- Communication, Media, Newspaper

Introduction In this crime news analysis I will be focusing on the right wing tabloid newspaper ‘The Sun’ and the left wing broadsheet ‘The Guardian.’ I will be analysing the article of the student riots in both newspapers, and seeing whether there are similarities or differences in the way in which the event is presented. The incident occurred when a demonstration against higher tuitions fees got out of hand whereby some protesters used violent tactics to voice their opinions. Quantitative and Qualitative Within a news article, the qualitative aspect is usually the images and the quantitative is the amount of text used. Quantitative data is usually seen as more favourable and it is common within broadsheets like ‘The Guardian,’ whereas tabloids such as ‘The Sun’ tend to use more qualitative data (Ericson et al, 1991). Tabloids usually target the working class who are stereotypically deemed to be less educated, therefore using numerous pictures almost makes it equivalent to a child’s story book, whereas ‘The Guardian’ is richer in text and aimed at the middle class thus has more of a debate (Schlesinger et all, 1991) . ‘The Sun’ uses 3 pages, has 8 images and uses about 20% of text. Whereas, ‘The Guardian’ uses 5 pages, 3 images and has about 65% as text. The journalist tend to be specific on what they believe make an article appealed to their readers. News value There are many criminal events that occur every day, however only a few are selected as they are deemed to be newsworthy. Chibnall (1977) claimed that a story is classed as newsworthy if it is dramatized, immediate and involves structured access. ‘The Sun’ could be seen to use all these elements, for example they over emphasize on the violence that occurred and ... ...labelled them as such (Hayward, 2006). In this case, if the label is accepted there could be more protests and riots because the individuals may believe that this is the quickest way to get the message across, UKUncuts activist also claimed within ‘The Guardian’ that ‘more high profiled campaigns could be expected’. Conclusion Overall, it is clear that there is a contrast between both of the newspapers. It could be argued that the production of newspapers is mainly to fulfil the readers expectations, for example, the readers of ‘The Sun’ expect to read a dramatic story which is why the editors select specific words and images, whereas the ‘The Guardian’ readers may prefer more of an intellectual debate (Schlesinger et all, 2010). They both tell the same story but in different ways, consequently it is up to the reader to decide which they believe or prefer.

The Elegy in Thomas Gray and Shelley

LYRIC AND THE INNER LIFE COURSEWORK ‘Elegy is about mourning for one’s own condition’ Stuart Curran, ‘Romantic Elegiac Hybridity’, in The Oxford Handbook to Elegy (Oxford, 2010), ed. Karen Weisman, p. 249 Discuss Curran’s comment in relation to the work of Thomas Gray and Percy Bysshe Shelley. ‘One of the major tasks of the work of mourning and of the work of the elegy is to repair the mourner's damaged narcissism'[1]. This quote by literary critic Peter Sacks, flourishes from Sigmund Freud's model of primary narcissism which suggests that ‘we love others less for their uniqueness and separateness, and more for their ability to contract our own abundance, that is, to embody and reflect back that part of ourselves that we have invested in them'[2]. Sacks expands this coalescence in his criticism of elegies such as Milton's Lycidas and Tennyson's In Memoriam. Using this model of narcissism and literary mourning along with key aspects of history, language and critical reviews, I will explicate how an ‘elegy is about mourning for one's own condition[3] in Thomas Grays' Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard and Percy Shelley's Adonais, Before delving straight into how the poems serve as elegies to the poets themselves, I will first discuss how the poems appear and attempt in their best capacity not to do so. Samuel Johnson famously commented on Gray's Elegy saying that ‘The Churchyard abounds with images which find a mirror in every mind, and with sentiments to which every bosom returns an echo'[4]. The portrayal of such a literary universality springs from the poem's apparent mourning of the common man. Gray laments a ubiquitous sense of mortality, paying homage to the archetypical ‘weary plowman'[5] who falls prey to ‘dumb Forgetfulness' (85) and lies forgotten in his ‘lowly bed' (20). This notion that the poem ‘is life in its most general form, reinterpreted so as to speak to mankind generally, where all men are comparable and consciousness seeks a universal voice'[6] can be understandably gathered from a superficial analysis of the poem. The poem is not just an elegy, but a pastoral elegy, a literary form that encompasses idyllic rustic life with death, a technique employed by Gray to enhance his mournful depiction of the common, simple man who labours away unfulfilled only to die unremembered. Phrases such as ‘mopeing owls' (10), ‘twitt'ring swallows' (18) and ‘ecchoing horns' (19) create the image of a bucolic and generic place, one where villagers engage in rural and generic activities – ‘oft did the harvest to their sickle yield' (25) and ‘how bow'd the woods beneath their sturdy stroke' (28) The constant use of third person plural pronouns such as ‘they', ‘their' and ‘them' allow the reader to merge these villagers into one, once again echoing the universality of the poem. Although the title tries to deliver a place for the poem, ambiguous descriptions such as ‘the glimmering landscape' (5), ‘the distant folds' (8), ‘the upland lawn' (100) and the ‘custom'd hill' (109), accentuate the poem's attempt to be nowhere and everywhere. Marshall Brown in his essay Gray's Churchyard Space' suggests that â€Å"everything and nothing is shared with all and none in a world that is nowhere and everywhere†[7]. This displacement coupled with the fact that the poem refers to no one in particular, creates a sense of timelessness in keeping with it's universality, thereby supporting Johnson's credo that ‘The Churchyard finds a mirror in every mind'[8]. Marshall Brown further reveals that the ‘poem evokes the possibility of a language and a consciousness beyond station, beyond definition and beyond identity'[9]. Gray accomplishes this by the illustration of an all-encompassing world. The poem drifts from a ‘solemn stillness' (6) to the ‘cock's shrill clarion' (19), from a ‘blazing hearth' (21) to a ‘frozen soul' (52), from ‘parting day' (1) to the ‘incense-breathing morn' (16), from the ‘desert air' (56) to the ‘smiling land' (63), etc; creating an image of the world that comprises all heights, weather, feelings and time. Gray's exploration of the opposite poles of class, the ‘pomp of pow'r' (33) and ‘simple annals of the poor' (32), and his empathy for the poor rather than the rich – ‘nor you, ye Proud, impute to These the fault, if Mem'ry o'er their Tomb no Trophies raise' (37-38), heightens this indiscriminate sense of inclusion and the all-embracing voice of his elegy. Thus we see how Gray tries to attribute a sensitivity that amplifies the appeal of his apparently universal elegy, as seen by this uote from Stephen Cox's essay, Contexts of Significance: Thomas Gray – that ‘the individual self [in the Elegy] is significant even when it lacks any visible signs of significance, such as power, wealth, or social recognition'[10]. Thus, we see how it can be interpreted that Thomas Gray's elegy focuses on a common condition rather than his own, but a closer analysis reveals that the all-embracing attempts made by Gray in the poem is part of a manipulation to create a n image that adequately appeases his own narcissism. Firstly, although he paints a generic and timeless world he also places himself far away from it. The poem is seeped in an isolation that springs from Gray's differentiation of himself from the world he's creating – ‘The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, the lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea, the plowman homeward plods his weary way, and leaves the world to darkness and to me' (1-4). From the start of the poem itself we are plummeted into the poet's segregation from the rural, rustic all encompassing world, and into the image he creates of himself as the poetic lonely outsider. Wallace Jackson in his essay Thomas Gray and the Dedicatory Muse, supports this when he says that ‘Gray's ideal self is situated like a melancholic outcast and the village oddity. He is constellated in a poetic heaven, in any event, alone'[11]. While Gray spends the first 23 stanzas expounding his sensitivity for the ‘unhonored Dead' (93), the next 9 stanzas are wholly based on him and the image he tries to further enhance of his ‘mindful' (93) and ‘lonely' (95) self. Howard Weinbrot in his essay Restoration and the Eighteenth Century, points out that ‘no one in particular is being mourned as the elegy opens, but it soon become clear that the speaker is mourning his own repressed potential'[12]. The shift between referring to himself as ‘me' (4) in the 1st stanza to ‘thee' (93) at the start of the 23rd stanza, elucidates a respect he demands for his shallow efforts to praise the common man. Andrew Dillon in his essay Depression and Release, includes a reference by Ketton-Cremer, Gray's biographer – ‘the man of reading and reflection often feels an envious admiration for the man of physical skill'[13], and this is seen in the parallels Gray draws between himself and the villagers, who in death resemble the same ‘fame and fortune unknown' (118) of Gray. However, he shatters this connection through his elaborate and verbose epitaph for himself. While the simple ‘bones' (77) of the forgotten ‘plowman' (3) rests beneath ‘some frail memorial erected nigh' (78), Gray's memorial is far from ‘frail' – ‘Large was his bounty, and his soul sincere' (121). Jackson confirms this in his essay, when he says that the poem's ‘motive is grounded in a further, yet concealed, rendering of the self-image, present especially at the close of The Elegy'[14]. Freud's belief that melancholia is a consistent form of mourning can be seen in his epitaph for himself – ‘melancholy marked him for her own' (120) and ‘he gave to misery all he had' (123). This coupled with the undercurrent of still sadness that permeates the poem places Gray in a constant state of mourning. On a simplistic level, the epitaph echoes his application of a universal mortality unto others and himself, but what is more haunting is the thread of fatalism that laces these last few stanzas. Dillon writes, ‘the Elegy can be read as a journey of recognition conceived in dusk and worked out – not in a miasma of depression – but in the light of symbolic self-destruction'[15]. The quiet acceptance Gray achieves seems to transcend the idea of everyman's mortality, and is rather an active realisation of his own. In the line ‘Ev'n from the tombs the voice of Nature cries, ev'n in our Ashes live their wonted Fires' (91-92), Gray moves away from the constant grouping of the villagers (they, their and them) to include himself (‘in our ashes') tilting the poem towards his own self-destruction. Dillon explores this in his essay when he contemplates ‘whose ashes are these? They are those of the safe dead, yet they also form a melancholic, personal estimation of the poet – alive but in the ashes of an entombed self'[16]. Thus we see that Gray is aware of the image he is creating of his own condition. His reference to himself in third person in the words of the Swain divulges his yearning for a posthumous sympathy. This along with his concern with the way he is perceived, his reconstruction of himself in death and his self-appointed social position in his glorious epitaph, all seal the idea that in fact he is trying to repair a ‘damaged narcissism'[17] and in doing so is ‘mourning his own condition'[18]. Unlike Gray, whose poem appears to mourn the common man, Shelley's Adonais remembers one man in particular – John Keats. However, this specificity does not detract from the idea that, similar to Gray, Shelley's elegy is intwined ith his own condition as well. The disquieting refrain ‘weep for Adonais – he is dead! ‘[19] is instrumental in diverting the readers attention from Shelley onto Keats, constantly reiterating the idea that the elegy is about Adonais – a name he assigned to Keats that amalgamates the Greek myth of Adoni, and Adon ai, the Hebrew word for God. However, our first instinct that the poem isn't just about Keats springs from its historical background. Shelley, upon hearing of Keats death, was convinced that Keats was killed by the envenomed reviews of Keats' longest poem, Endymion. This belief is reflected in the classical allusion to Adoni, a youthful man who met an early and untimely death when he was killed by a wild boar, an event symbolic of Keats' apparent death by cruel reviews. In Nicholas Roe's Keats and History, he reveals that on the 8th of June 1821, Shelley requested his publisher Charles Ollier to ask Keats' friends the exact circumstances of his death, and ‘transmit to me any information you may be able to collect and especially as to the degree in which, as I am assured, the brutal attack in the Quarterly Review excited the disease by which he perished'[20]. Roe uses this letter to suggest that although this request ‘may arise from Shelley's characteristic attention to historical detail', it also reflects something else: an appetite for a history already conceived, a history the outlines of which applied to Shelley himself, for the Quarterly had also taken aim at his poetry and character'[21], thus proposing that Shelley's own wounded narcissism is tied to his portrayal of Keats' death. Stanza 37 of Adonais reveals this bitterness towards the critics – ‘And ever at thy season be thou free to spill the venom when thy fangs o'erflow: remorse and contempt shall cling to thee! ‘ (329-31). Shelley, who even now is closely associated with Keats, was an avid admirer of Keats' work. The godly portrayal of Keats in his poem reveals this reverence – Shelley calls him a ‘star' (494) and places him in league with Thomas Chatterton, Sir Philip Sidney and Marcus Lucan, poets who died young and never received the chance to flourish to the maximum of their literary prowess. Though Shelley considered himself a lesser poet, he felt they shared a common thread. In regard to Adonais, he is known to have written, ‘the total neglect and obscurity in which the astonishing remnants of his mind lie, was hardly to be dissipated by a writer, who, however he may differ with Keats in more important qualities, at least resembles him in that accidental one, the want of popularity'[22]. This connection that Shelley felt they had explains his outrage at the critics' reviews, as they dashed the growing popularity of Keats and Shelley many a time. Eleanor Hutchens in her essay Cold and Heat in Adonais says ‘the earlier part of Adonais suffers from an artificial chill, cast over perhaps by Shelley's primary intention not of mourning Keats but of using a fellow poets death as an occasion for expressing certain attitudes of his own'[23]. This belief isn't entirely true; although it is certain that Shelley uses Keats' death to battle the critics that scorned them, there is a significant difference in the two acts – that of mourning and that of expressing his opinions – as they are inevitably and exclusively related with each other, as seen in Clewell's credo that ‘By resuscitating the other in memory, the mourner attempts to reclaim a part of the self that has been reflected on to the other'[24]. To Shelley, Keats is a part of him and he is a part of Keats, as seen when he says ‘I have lately been composing a poem on Keats, it is better than anything I have yet written, and worthy both of him and of me'[25]. Shelley believes that in writing the elegy and in mourning Keats they are both experiencing a sense of liberation and resolution. This idea is seen in the first stanza itself when Shelley says ‘with me died Adonais' (6-7) and recurs throughout the poem, especially in stanza 34 when Shelley describes one of the mourners at Keats' grave – ‘All stand aloof, and at his partial moan smiled through their tears; well knew that gentle band who in another's fate now wept his own' (300). In the case of Shelley's elegy, the major disquietude of its reflection on his own condition lies in the fact that it acts as elegy for him without meaning to. It transcends Shelley's narcissistic intentions, echoing beyond even the time of composition. In Roe's Keats and History he says that ‘Indeed one of the posthumous fates of Adonais itself was its retrospective (or uncannily prophetic) application to Shelley'[26]. Adonais was an elegy for Shelley himself in that it foreshadowed his own early and untimely death. Peter Sacks stated that ‘Shelley's conclusion to the poem is ‘profoundly disturbing' when we remember, as we must, that Shelley died a year later at sea'[27]. Some believe his death wasn't accidental and a product of years of depression that lead to his eventual self-destruction, a theory perhaps encouraged by the suicidal tone in the last stanzas of Adonais – ‘What Adonais is, why fear we to become? ‘ (459). But whether this is true or not, Shelley's association with Keats is undeniable, especially considering that a book of Keats' poems was found in the pocket of Shelley's jacket that confirmed the corpse was his. After Shelley's death, his wife Mary is known to have said ‘Adonais is not Keats's, it is his own elegy'[28] and his dear friend Leigh Hunt confirmed that Shelley himself said the poem was ‘more an elegy on himself than the subject of it'[29]. Shelley's cousin, Thomas Medwin beautifully wrote in Memoir that ‘there was, unhappily, too much similarity in the destinies of Keats and Shelley: both were victims of persecution, both were marked out by the envenomed shafts of invidious critics, and both now sleep together in a foreign land'[30]. Thus, we see how both poems reflect a situation stemming from the poet's own condition. While Andrew Dillon believed that ‘the Elegy works because of the exquisite beauty of its language and the psychic complicity of the minds of readers with that of Thomas Gray'[31], critic Katherine Duncan-Jones felt that ‘Adonais is fundamentally an elegy on one poet by another, a poem whose force comes more from the problems and concerns of the living poet, than from the precise character and circumstance of the dead one'[32]. Both poems exhibit a damaged narcissism that the poets try to appease or console through the act of mourning, whether it is Gray's desire to be remembered in a perfect melancholic image of himself, or Shelley's to chastise the embittered critical reviews that plagued his career and Keats'. However, the sense of isolation, fatalism and admiration in their poems evokes a posthumous and timeless sympathy in readers that cannot be disregarded, particularly in the case of Shelley, even if we are aware that they mourn themselves. Bibliography: Bieri, James, Percy Bysshe Shelley: a Biography (Massachusetts: Rosemont Publishing, 2005) Brown, Marshall, â€Å"Gray's Churchyard Space†, in Preromanticism (California: Stanford University Press, 1991), pp. 42-8. Clewell, Tammy, ‘Mourning Beyond Melancholia: Freud's Psychoanalysis on Loss', Journal of the American Psychoanalytical Association, 52. 1(2004), p. 46-48. Cox, Stephen, â€Å"Contexts of Significance: Thomas Gray†, in The Stranger within Thee: Concepts of Self in Late-Eighteenth Century Literature (Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 1980), pp. 2-98. Curran, Stuart, ‘Romantic Elegiac Hybridity', Oxford Handbook to Elegy (Oxford: Oxford Printing Press, 2010) Dillon, Andrew, â€Å"Depression and Release†, North Dakota Quarterly, 60. 4 (1992), pp. 128-34. Duncan-Jones, Katherine, â€Å"The Review of English Studies†, New Series, 22. 86 (1971), p. 75-171. Gray, Thomas, Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard: with the complete works of Thomas Gray (Virginia: Peter Pauper Press, 1947) Hutchens, Eleanor, â€Å"Cold and Heat in Adonais†, Modern Language Notes, 76. 2 (1961), p. 24. Hurtz, Neil, The End of the Line (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009) Jackson, Wallace, â€Å"Thomas Gray and the Dedicatory Muse†, ELH, 54. 2 (1987), pp. 277-98. Roe, Nicholas, Keats and History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995) Shelley, Percy Bysshe, The Selected Prose and Poetry of Shelley (Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1994) Weinbrot, Howard, â€Å"Restoration and the Eighteenth Century†, Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, 18. 3 (1978), pp. 537-551. ———————– 1]Tammy Clewell, ‘Mourning Beyond Melancholia: Freud's Psychoanalysis on Loss', Journal of the American Psychoanalytical Association, 52. 1(2004), p. 48. [2]Clewell, p. 46. [3]Stuart Curran, ‘Romantic Elegiac Hybridity', Oxford Handbook to Elegy (Oxford : Oxford Printing Press, 2010), p. 249. [4]Neil Hurtz, The End of the Line (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), p. 73. [5]Thomas Gray, Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard: with the complete works of Thomas Gray (Virginia: Peter Pauper Press, 1947), line 3 (all subsequent references will be made in the body of the text). 6]Marshall Brown, â€Å"Gray's Churchyard Space†, in Preromanticism (California: Stanford University Press, 1991), pp. 42-8. [7]Brown, pp. 42-8. [8]Hurtz, p. 73. [9]Brown, pp. 42-8. [10]Stephen Cox, â€Å"Contexts of Significance: Thomas Gray†, in The Stranger within Thee: Concepts of Self in Late-Eighteenth Century Literature (Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 1980), pp. 82-98. [11]Wallace Jackson, â€Å"Thomas Gray and the Dedicatory Muse†, ELH, 54. 2 (1987), pp. 277-98. 12]Howard Weinbrot, â€Å"Restoration and the Eighteenth Century†, Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, 18. 3 (1978), pp. 537-551. [13]Andrew Dillo n, â€Å"Depression and Release†, North Dakota Quarterly, 60. 4 (1992), pp. 128-34. [14]Jackson, pp. 277-98. [15]Dillon, pp. 128-34. [16]Dillon, pp. 128-34 [17]Clewell, p. 48. [18]Curran, p. 249. [19]Percy Shelley, The Selected Prose and Poetry of Shelley (Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1994), line 1 (all subsequent references will be made in the body of the text). 20]Nicholas Roe, Keats and History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 23. [21]Roe, p. 23. [22]Roe, p. 33. [23]Eleanor Hutchens, Cold and Heat in Adonais, Modern Language Notes, 76. 2 (1961), p. 124. [24]Clewell, p. 47. [25]Roe, p. 33. [26]Roe, p. 36. [27]Katherine Duncan-Jones, â€Å"The Review of English Studies†, New Series, 22. 86 (1971), p. 75. [28]James Bieri, Percy Bysshe Shelley: a Biography (Massachusetts: Rosemont Publishing, 2005), p. 239. [29]Bieri, p. 239. [30]Roe, p. 36. [31]Dillon, p. 128-34. [32]Jones, p. 171.

Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future Essay

What has Global warming, Oz hotshot Layer Depletion, crud Erosion, Air Pollution, Carbon Emissions, and separate surroundingsal issues pay to do with loving psychological science? one(a) of the reasons for writing this paper, is to answer that misgiving by showing the relationship mingled with the environment in which we live and affable psychological science.I w ruin endeavor to do this by looking at a root beat bathroom our ecologic dilemma, as healthy as pass possible solutions and suggestions for well-disposed behavioral limitings that for each virtuoso superstar of us could employ, as non how of all time caring hu art object macrocosms, besides as Christians ful considering our God-given mandate to rule oer the gentleman He created in the message of c artakers and stewards. As explained by Dr.David G Myers in his excellent book entitled Exploring favorable psychological science, the hit the books of affectionate psychology is a study in which com panionable psychologists scientifically explore how we as universe teleph cardinal closely, influence, and relate to wizard some separate(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) Myers 2009 p. 1. He goes on to quote nove key out Herman Melvilles poignant observation, which states, we rump non live for ourselves al adept, for our lives ar wedded by kibibyte invisible meander Myers 2009 p. 1.And t come acrossherin lies the root aim of our ecological problems. Because of our social orientation cosmos our personality psychology or psychodynamics which forms our gentle raceview by the port weve been taught to think and action deep bulge the startleicipation in which we grew up, most tidy sum and societies, if not all, be in here(predicate)ntly self-centered. A perfect specimen of this societal self-centeredness is clearly seen here in the United States of the States, more so than in any other posterior in the world.The un bearrained, unbridled, and unprecedented co nsumerism and bollix up has unhappily become this countries social norm. slackly speaking, we as humans, tend to give unforesightful thought, all intentionally or unintentionally, nearly how our attitude, actions, and behaviors might affect others in the society in which we live or for that matter, the rest of the world. Because our lives atomic number 18 connected by 1000 invisible threads, our attitude, behavior, and actions fucknot stand by further topic others.We atomic number 18 connected in many another(prenominal) different ways, tho primarily we be connected by creation members of one and the same human race, sharing an earth which we all call home. Therefore, social psychology and the sustainable futurity of our environment be connected in the sense that as human creations, sharing the same earth, social psychologist heap positively influence societies to set down most change by dint of implementing strategies within a society through educational an d other pith, that would address the enquire for other-centeredness, as opposed to self-centeredness within our societies.This hopefully, through educational campaigns, would over time fudge social norms throughout spheric societies, and help to positively shape our attitudes, behaviors and actions toward the environment in which we live, and encourage a more sustainable environmental future. The purpose of environmental education, is to assume social awarenessof how each individua argumentics attitude actions and behavior, depose and does dissipate an environmental affect whether positive or negative, not however themselves and their own environment, further on the environment of others to a fault.So, environmentally speaking, this meat that each individual person, crowd, society and areas environmental habits and bread and onlyterstyle which is in general guided by the social normsof the dry land and the culture in which they are musical accompaniment, keister defend a planetary environmental impact. Social Psychology in the sustainable emerging 4 Social, psychologically organize thought touches, cause individuals and bases within a society or culture, to be fill in ways that are considered normal to them, all the same though theyre ttitude, behavior and actions are environmentally devastating. One of the ways I freighter illustrate the unconstipatedt of how our attitudes, behaviors, and actions another voice communication what we do and how we live, can and does affect others environment dismantle though they whitethorn be existent on the other side of the world, is by looking at the worldwide issues of commit defilement and its causes.Air is something that e very(prenominal) living thing takes, as the famous 70s hit song sung by the British groupThe Hollies states, all I destiny is the contrast that I breathe. other version of that song humorously states I submit to be able to breathe. That we get hold of disperse to breathe is an axiom, a self unmixed truth, for without it we die. In actual fact, oceanm is one of the reasons why Earth is the only planet within our solar system that can sustain animateness, and in which life can be demonstrate. Air supports life, but the carriage has to be clean for life to be sustained. We put one acrosst really need to be told that the air out is bemire these geezerhood because we can see it.This is oddly avowedly if you happen to live in the city of Los Angeles, which for many years has been the butt of smogginess jokes, and late topped the American lung experiences bad air arguing of most polluted cities in America GMA news 2012. Why is the air polluted so badly? How did it get that way? The city of Los Angeles, like many other step ups in the world today are to a colossal degree trustworthy for producing lots of the bad air in their cities.However, bad air is direct existence found in cities and other places where on that poin t is no air polluting factories or patience to blame. This is because air pollution does not key out inter interior(a) boundaries, and like the proverbial trapeze artists, pollution in the form of toxic emissions can and do fly through the air with the greatest of ease. Because of this, bad air has move up in places where it did not move up much(prenominal) as National park and wilderness areas in remote split of the United States.This is collectible to the fact that one countries air polluting practices can convey a dramatic matter on another countries air quality located on the other side of the world. Toxic pollutants and emissions rising slope from factory smokestacks, power plants, and exhaust emissions , from countries who obligate no clean air act and thitherfrom are under no threat of penalty or quest for noncompliance. These toxic emissions, are the result of uninhibited air polluting practices by countries who show nonaged(a) or no interest in environmen tal conservation.This toxic pollution rises into the rear currents and jet-streams, which carry the poisonous air hundreds, or even thousands of miles away to another dissolve of the world, where it past affects the air quality of the place where it settles, creating wellness hazards and pollution within that cities tribe and location. So, the do-nothing(prenominal) polluting behavior and actions of one group/country, can return a drastic negative inwardness on another person/s, group/s, country/or countries, ca use them to suffer debilitating health hazard consequences for which they were not responsible in creating.So you see in this one small illustration, how another person/s, group/s, or even other countries irresponsible attitude, actions, and behavior toward environmental conservation issues, can inadvertently and negatively affect another person/s, group/s, or even a whole countrys creations health and well being. Many first world countries find environmental laws t hat heavily penalize companies for noncompliance, and therefore helps to limits air pollution to varying degrees.withal there are more countries who jadet have any environmental laws, restrictions, or boundaries in place, and who Social Psychology in the sustainable Future 6 do not recognize or practice environmental conservation. And so these ontogeny countries by their who cares, its business as usual attitude and behavior, become one of the major(ip) contributors of bad air on a global scale, through their uncontrolled, unrestrained, dethaw of toxic emissions into the atmosphere where it becomes an global traveler.However, air pollution ca employ by toxic emissions is only one of the environmental c erstwhilerns facing humanity today. Another environmental c one timern, which we are being constantly reminded of through the news reports, newspapers, Internet, and so forth is the issue of global warming. This is excessively k like a shotn as mood change. Scientists use the na me, or term global warming, so as to identify what types of climate change is actually natural event i. e. , the planet is not getting cooler but warmer, ergo, global warming. One of the reasons they state this is happening is due to the excessive meat of a brag known as snowic acid gas.This is light speed dioxide, which is something that we, after taking in type O through the air, actually exhale. While carbon dioxide is an odorless, tasteless, inert gas, it is also a spin- morose of burning, which is generally contributed to automobile emissions. However, while CO2 is a byproduct of automotive locomotive gaso inventory/diesel/natural gas combustion, it is also a byproduct of combustion associated with the burning of coal and embrocate to fork over electricity and heat buildings. In fact, anything that ruin will have CO2 as one of its emission byproducts. Because of the increase of automobiles, trucks, factories, etcetera here is an excessive amount of carbon dioxid e constantly being released into the atmosphere. A extensive with the deforestation of whole rainforests note trees absorb CO2 gases and replace CO2 into type O by the process of photosynthesis. This is one of Gods bright ideas for replenishing the oxygen we use. However, by cutting down all the trees in the forest, were destroying the earths Co2 converter, Social Psychology in the sustainable Future 7 and the combine of other greenhouse gases , which come from outlandish and industrial sources, global warming is the result.However, there is also another detrimental effect of having too much CO2 in the air that has to do with ones respiratory health, and is known by a condition called hypoxia, or hypoxiation. West, 1995 p. 22 This is a morbid condition in which the bole as a whole, or region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. This is due to the fact that the body is deprived of oxygen because CO2 in the lungs is inhibited from being released, and so accumulate s causing too much CO2 to be where oxygen postulate to be, and therefore death ensues as a result. West, 1995 pp. 22. The use of CO2 displacing oxygen is great for lightingfighting is actually a preferred fire extinguisher in place of chemical substance powder for distinguishing fires, but its no good for breathing. The world climate is ever-changing because CO2 is in excess, and humans are the reason why it is so. So uttermost weve looked at some causes of air pollution and how it can originate from one part of the the world and through air currents effect bothbody globally.But in discussing social psychology in the sustainable future air pollution is only one parcel of many. There are many environmental business sectors for a sustainable future, which also accept piss system pollution. Just as we need clean air to survive, so also we need clean body of water for some(prenominal) boozing and pabulum. In actual fact, it is preferably possible for a person to go many wa nt time and even weeks without food, but only a few days without water. Clean water is essential for drink as well as sustaining aquatic and devil dog life in our rivers and nauticals.However, with the proud human demand for oil, environmental catastrophes and disasters such(prenominal) as the Exxon-Valdez oil squelchoff the coast of Alaska in 1989, and most recently the BP oil Social Psychology in the sustainable Future 8 spill of 2010, have polluted the life-sustaining ocean amnionic fluid and left a means of ecological destruction, which much like the fallout from an nuclear bomb, may take forever, if ever, to recover. correct now as I spell this, were told by BP officials and their advertising campaigns, that the waters in the Gulf are ass to pre-oil spill status.However, a recent study reported by Brian Williams on NBC national news states that naval life such as dolphins are seriously ill and due to health problems consistent with painting to oil. Illness ranging from lung di sease, kidney malfunctions and liver disease has been found throughout dolphin population which cause has been attributed to the ingesting of oil NBC nightly news prove 23 2012. Basically what were being told through the million-dollar advertising campaign by BP, is not true.We are still reaping the consequences caused by the massive oil spill where oil spewed out from the ground unrestrained for months. On top of water pollution, the sea is being devastated daily by the immense nets and Longlines of mercantile tiping vessels. Longline seek is a mercenary leaning technique. It uses a broad line called the main line which can be up to 50 miles long, with thousands of baited sweetenings attached at intervals of approximately every 20 yards. Hundreds or even thousands of baited hooks can hang from a single line.Although Longliners unremarkably target tuna, cod, halibut, unfortunately a baited hook is not very selective and many other species are caught and killed inadvertently. This is very troublesome, especially for those animals, mammals, and weight species that are on the be list, i. e. The Leatherback Sea Turtle. Seaturtles. org 2003 Can you see a 50 mile long angle line with corks set at every 20 yards, or huge Social Psychology in the Sustainable Future 8 blownets, scraping the hobo of the sea for its fish, crap, shrimp and other marine life.This is all done to fulfill the ontogenesis populations appetite for seafood. Yet he developing need for bigger harvest is only one part of this very fundamental ecological problem. Another part is the upon that is caused by the implements used in harvesting. I have personally seen the damage to the fall into place of the sea caused by the nets being used to harvest fish from along the bed of the sea beds. These nets are called drag-nets for good reason, as they scrape the bottom of the oceans floor so that nothing escapes. As they scrape along the bottom of the sea, they drag every k ind of a marine life you can imagine into the net.The ocean floor then looks like its just been plowed. Thus, these drag-nets leave behind a path of destruction in their wake, by destroying all aquatic plants, and marine life forms and the environment in which they live. Another issue that is caused by seek trawlers using dragnets, is waste. Nets are by no means selective as anything and everything gets caught in the net. formerly these nets are hauled in, much of what is caught in the nets is not used, but thrown and twisted out for reasons of either being under size, wrong variety, or in some way illicit etc.Some of the seafood is kept, and the other is thrown out to die. The fish and marine species that are caught in the nets or on the long lines as a byproduct, sea turtles, including the extremely endangered Leatherback sea turtle, various sharks, including some species which are also endangered, and also others. Seeing there is no international laws to reduce by-catch, we can expect that many more species will be added to the endangered list as part of the long-term decline, caused by these devastating sportfishing practices.So away from destroying the environment which sustains our fish and marine life in our oceans, rivers and waters through pollution, waste and harvesting practices, we underwrited the Psychology and Sustainable Future 9 devastation by overfishing the waters to to the extent that fish that were once found in abundance 50 years ago, are now at the point of extinction and have been primed(p) on the endangered list. Two of the fish species I would like to talk about here were, up till recently, very common. One is the Atlantic cod, and the other the demon Bluefin Tuna.These two fish species once abundantly populated the Atlantic ocean until the implementation of gill nets, drag nets, and now the dreaded long-lines of commercial fishing vessels. In a relatively short amount of time, the use nets and long lines have devastated the cod and tuna populations worldwide through overfishing. til now though size limits and harvesting amounts have been supposedly set by international bodies, Atlantic Cod, Bluefin Tuna, and many other fish species are under the crap-shooter, and may never recover, especially the exceeding horse mackerel tuna, which is much coveted by sushi chefs and is considered a delicacy in Japan. perhaps it is for this reason that Japan, under the guise of supposedly abiding by the international fishing laws, have reportedly and consistently cut the international laws for size limits and harvesting amounts. with their longline fishing vessel fleet have continued at a ever increasing rate to catch bluefin tuna, to the point that they, could be considered to be the major contributing factor, as to why this fish species is numerically declining to a point of having to be put on the endangered fish species list. Glover, Charles. The End of the Line. 2008.It is a well-known fact that the Mitsubi shi Corporation. Not only owns several long line ships which go out to sea for months at a time and dont come back until their freezes are all full of bluefin tuna, but is the major purchaser of bluefin tuna. As well as fishing for bluefin tuna with their own fishing vessels. They have also been known to purchase as much bluefin tuna as they Social Psychology in the Sustainable Future 10 can, from other fishing vessels. These vessels are known as thief Fishing Vessels, ignore international fishing laws and catch all they can in what you might call an undercover operation.These pirate fishing vessels have, within the last(prenominal) 10 years, come under a lot of scrutiny by the Greenpeace system who sail the seas searching for these pirate fishing vessels so as to catch them in the act. Of illegal fishing, netting, long lining etc. Greenpeace. org 2011. Although many nations, including the United States, supposedly move into as international management bodies to bear on globa l tuna populations, the species continues to decline at an alarming rate and are now on top of the endangered species list because its numbers have dispirited to such a point that it may never be able to recover.As you can tell air and water pollution combined with overfishing is a concern of mine, mainly because I see it is preventable, but for the selfish, self-centered, all-consuming greed of people from all walks of life I could continue on for kind of some time, however I essential bring this article assignment to a conclusion by talking about causes of environmental damage. As much as we like to blame tornadoes and hurricanes for most of the environmental damage, the biggest cause of environmental damage is man himself. Mankind is now the number one cause of all the destruction happening on Earth.We are the major cause of environmental disasters, beginning with the industrial evolution of the resources of the Earth, which has become especially bad since the population of t he Earth has trippled in the last cubic decimeter years to a point which, even with more efficient means of distribution, there is simply not enough food to go around. Obviously the reasons for the possible future scarcity of food, water, among other things, is the inefficient lifestyles that we have become accustomed to, especially here in the United States.All you need to do is look around in any restaurant here in the United States and see the huge Social Psychology and a Sustainable Future 11 amounts of food being thrown out in the trashcan while people on the other side of the world starve. Its been noted in the book, exploring social psychology by David G Myers, that the human demand for things such as land, timber, fish, and fuels is increasingly exceeding the Earths regenerate capacity. Myers, 2009 p. 378-379.My point is this, with the present consumption of resources by our, wasteful habits and devastating harvesting techniques, conjugate with the destined growth of popu lation, further pollution, global warming, and environmental destruction, seem inevitable unless there is change. For the average American who lives with luxuries unknown by even royalty just a century ago, our lifestyle of unrestrained, unbridled, ever absentminded more consumerism will be brought to a screeching halt unless there is change. permits face it our wasteful lifestyles cannot continue forever. For beyond the sunny skies of comfort and convenience. ominous clouds of environmental disaster at gathering. Sciences have accredited this coming ecological, environmental disaster to increasing population and increasing consumption. Myers, 2009 p377. I come to this conclusion due to my observations of the wasteful practices I see around me every day of my life here in the United States I offer this small yet effective illustration of the environmental conservation. In Australia where I was raised, we grew up with tank water. Where you rely on the rain to fill a tank that is used for your drinking water, bathing, and bathroom uses etc.Under these conditions you take away to conserve and not waste water in every way possible. One of the ways I taught my children to conserve water was not to leave the bug raceway when they were showdowning their teeth. They were instructed to turn the tap on to wet the brush, then turn the tap off while they apply the toothpaste to the brush and brush their teeth. After they had brush their teeth, they could then turn the tap on to cleanse out their mouth and clean their toothbrush. idiosyncratic? Not really. Just letting my children learn not to waste water and to revalue the God-given resources we have available to us.