AFrican American equality Essay

From the time our country was founded, many African Americans lived a life of hardship merely because the color of their skin. In many instances they were treated as animals, being sold and traded in shackles and chains. At the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence when the country was founded, most African Americans worked as slaves. Working conditions for slaves were inhumane, who were often forced to work long hours in the sweltering summer heat. In 1865, the ratification of the 13th amendment made slavery illegal everywhere in the United States. However, this was not the end of inequality and segregation for African Americans. The racism in the south did not stop just because slavery ended. For decades after the end of slavery, laws such as the Jim Crow laws significantly limited African American’s rights and freedoms. In addition, share-cropping allowed servitude to continue only in a different form. Former slaves were now financially bound to their land. These laws significantly disheartened American Americans right and fight for equality – a battle that did not really get started until the civil rights era. In one of the greatest moments in American history when MLK gave his speech on the inequality of races. In one line he said â€Å"the negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of prosperity†. This meant that even though there was a great economic boom the blacks were not sharing the wealth. Instead of blacks sharing the great wealth of this time they were left out of the boat by being ineligible force retain perks that the white man had been innate to. In an truly inspiring line of his speech MLK says â€Å"the negro community must not lead to distrust all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny†. This says that not all the white men are prejudice which would be just as stereotypical as anything else done against blacks at the time. This is truly encouraging saying that blacks have been persecuted for hundreds of years and some still find ways to show some remorse toward them. In one of the most famous lines of the speech MLK says â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident:that all men are created equal†. He means that he hopes one day that all men with see each other not on the basis of skin color but by the content of the character which is perfectly expressed in â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. † Martin Luther king speech expresses the inequality blacks felt. The civil rights movement took time and many brave people. However even after all the protest and laws passed to help equal the races the blacks still do not have the same freedoms as whites. Most blacks live inner cities and are not treated with dignity that they deserve in humans. They are constantly unfairly prosecuted by law enforcements and are scapegoated by many people of the root of the problem. However there has been a major increase in freedoms they have gained over time. Since MLK speech they have gained equality and it should be so far in the future that they are looked at as complete equals.

Characteristics of Strong Civilizations

Many strong civilizations share common characteristics of being successful but which one is the most important? You can have a strong education system like the Han Dynasty and have educated people building advanced technology. You can have a strong military like the Romans and conquer thousands of miles in land to claim as your own. But the best characteristic to have is strong leadership because they can unite a country and stuff like that. They can lead revolutions and uprisings. And they can lead strong militaries. One reason strong leadership is important is because they can unite a country, colony, empire etc.Ben Franklin John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and others took an angry 13 colonies and united them as one as they declared independence from England. This made them successful because they united the colonies and eventually defeated England in the Revolutionary War to officially become independent. (Textbook, 559) Also, to unite the Incas the all powerful Sapa Inca united them by imposing their language and religion upon those they captured while also building a large road system. This made them successful because the roads allowed armies and news to move rapidly throughout the empire. (Textbook, 197)Another reason why strong leadership is most important is because they can lead revolutions and uprisings. In 1791 slaves in the French colony Saint Domingue revolted against their slave owners. They were lead by Toussaint L’Overture and this became known as the Haitian Revolution. This made them successful because they overthrew their white slave owners and created the first black republic. (Latin American Revolutions Packet) One famous revolutionary leader is George Washington. George took many unskilled farmers and made them soldiers in a surprising victory over the stronger British army.This made them successful because it was the last compromise to England and finally declared the 13 colonies free from England and created the new country the Unit ed States of America. (Textbook, 559-562) The last reason strong leadership is most important is because they can lead militaries. Before Julius Caesar was the Emperor of the Roman Empire he was once a strong military leader that one many battles and wars. This made them successful because they conquered many miles of land and made the Empire more powerful. (Textbook, 158) Also, Genghis Kahn of the Mongol Empire was a uthless military leader who had highly trained armies. He imposed strict military discipline and absolute loyalty. This made them successful because Mongol forces conquered a huge empire that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe. So as you can see, strong leadership is the best trait a powerful empire can have because they can unite the people, they can lead revolutions, and lead militaries. Examples like Julius Caesar and Genghis Kahn are always mentioned whenever strong leaders are brought up for the many successful things they accomplished. Which trait do you think is the best characteristic?

Disciplinary Issues and Violence in School System Essay

Disciplinary Issues and Violence in School System Throughout the nations, disciplinary issue and violence in the school systems has been a controversial matter. These issues have been an argumentum dated back before our time. Since then, schools worldwide especially public schools has implemented different types of tragedies to discipline students and reduced the violence in the schools. These problems have placed students, teachers, administrators, and staffs in constant fear, and they have retarded the educational process, undermining a generation of students, therefore school violence is not a new phenomenon (Adams 2000). Discipline is, after all, a crucial aspect of education and a central component of teachers’ work. As educators, families, and community members turned to the district to intervene in matters of discipline, they also turned to other external agencies-including professional associations, state house, and even the courts- to intervene in other realms of education that had traditionally been controlled at the school site (Kafka 2008). The discipline and punishment of students has become particular harsh- a trend that mirrors the mounting punitiveness in the criminal justice system (Welch and Payne 2010). Sources Adams, A. T. (2000). The status of school discipline and violence. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science-School Violence, 567, 140-156. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/stable/1049499 Kafka, J. (2008). â€Å"sitting on a tinderbox†: Racial conflict, teacher discretion, and the centralization of disciplinary authority. American Journal of Education, 114(3), 247-270. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/stable/10. 1086/529501 Welch, K. , & Payne, A. A. (2010). Racial threat and punitive school discipline. Social Problems, 57(1), 25-48. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/stable/10. 525/sp. 2010. 57. 1. 25 Throughout the nations, disciplinary issue and violence in the school systems has been a controversial matter. These issues have been an argumentum dated back before our time. Since then, schools worldwide especially public schools has implemented different types of tragedies to discipline students and reduced the violence in the schools. Th ese problems have placed students, teachers, administrators, and staffs in constant fear, and they have retarded the educational process, undermining a generation of students, therefore school violence is not a new phenomenon (Adams 2000). School violence and discipline are not the same concept, but they are related (Adams 2000). Adams (2000) mentions some of the practices for discipline in school such as suspension and expulsion, in school suspension (ISS), and zero tolerance. He also brought up an interesting factor about students who are on medication (s) for different type’s disorders such as ADD or ADHD sometimes used an excuse for the misbehaving (Adams 2000). Discipline is, after all, a crucial aspect of education and a central component of teachers’ work. As educators, families, and community members turned to the district to intervene in matters of discipline, they also turned to other external agencies-including professional associations, state house, and even the courts- to intervene in other realms of education that had traditionally been controlled at the school site (Kafka 2008). Therefore, throughout most of the American history, students discipline was largely decentralized: local educators were responsible for determining appropriate classroom behavior and for meting out punishments as they saw fit (Kafka 2008). Today, teachers and the public remain ambivalent about the location of disciplinary authority (Kafka 2008). There are researches and studies that have been done to see if tragedies such as some listed were effective or ineffective since implemented. Research has shown that certain student socio-demographic qualities are related to harsh school discipline. Statistic indicate that poorer students are, in fact, more likely to be targeted by harsh school practices, while wealthier students more often receive mild to moderate consequences (Welch and Payne 2010). In addition, various school characteristics have found to affect the social control of students. Discipline policies are more likely to be effectively improve student behavior and accountability in school with strong principal leadership which consists support of teachers, consistent supervision and the use of feedback, high visibility and presence, and effective planning and problem- solving (Welch and Payne 2010). Another thing that research found is racial status- consistently related to student punitiveness, with inority students receiving harsher treatment more often than white students. This is general given more frequently and more punitive for less serious offenses such as suspensions, expulsions, even corporal punishment, and zero tolerance violations (Welch and Payne 2010). Putting it all together, the effects of student race on discipline is that it is actually socioeconomic status that influences school punitiveness (Welch and Payne 2010). Discipline is both an antecedent and an expected outcome or predictable behavior. Discipline is sometimes used to measure violence. School violence and discipline are mutually constitutive of the problem and need to be considered in relationship to each other (Adams 2000). There are pros and cons on some of the tragedies that have been implemented for disciplinary in the school exclusions such as suspension and expulsion. The pros for exclusion are 1) it is and an effective way for administrators to handle large numbers of disruptive youths 2) it offered protection to a larger student body and 3) provide administrators with a sense of control over the uncontrollable (Adams 2000). In the other hand, there are negative sides to this exclusion 1) students who are routinely disciplined by being suspended are more likely to drop out of school which in turn causes derailment 2) it also sends the wrong message- students loses respect for authority figures when excluded from school for truancy and 3) it has the potential to predispose unsupervised children to become individuals who are asocial, with the likelihood of increased delinquency as well- it simply displaces the offending student from the school to the street (Adams 2000). Furthermore, in-school suspension better known as ISS has it positive and negative outcome as well. ISS is use in substituting for exclusions for 1) teachers, administrators, and school districts didn’t have to deal with lengthy hearings and counsel from school-appointed attorneys 2) the programs kept disruptive students on campus- the same student would be less likely to pose an immediate threat to their local communities and would be under supervision and 3) it kept disruptive student from coming into contact with students who were likely to engage in asocial behaviors during school operating hours (Adams 2000). Furthermore, ISS can be seen as 1) a holding ground for incorrigible students who lack motivation and who are generally inspired by institutional schooling- typically supervised by paraprofessional who lack training to work effectively with at-risk students and 2) the program lacks resources including pedagogic equipment, manipulative, and other learning devices-however there are certified teacher that masterfully run the program and facilitate the learning (Adams 2000). Many students who are placed in ISS programs are there because their teachers lack appropriate mediation skills – as a result, students often find themselves skidding into ISS because of the inability of their teachers to cope with students from diverse social background that often are at variance with the background of middle-class teachers (Adams 2000). Another policy that’s implemented is zero tolerance- it has the approach taken off in response to more violent nature of school disruption. It too has its advantages and disadvantages in the school system- it has two advantages as follows 1) detection aspect- which involved surveillance throughout the school except in the restroom, dressing room and classroom. It’s to help mobilize school security and have the proactive approach and 2) punishment- a return version of exclusion, when proof is there to expelled student with certain offenses (Adams 2000). On the opposite side, zero tolerance has it disadvantages 1) Students who are kicked out of school are the one that need education the most and mostly are from low income families and are at risk 2) tends to violates students’ right to due process 3) it absolved schools of their responsibility to provide nurturing, caring, and mentoring relations that prepare students for democratic society 4) it also has the unintended consequence of being racist- it disproportionately punishes minority students 5) often remove students from the educational process for minor offenses such as being tardy, class cutting, and insubordination and 6) it has no appreciable effects on reducing violence in the school (Adams 2000). With that all put together, some studies have found that the relation between school violence and discipline is more complex than they think. By constructing orderly school environments with reduced level of violence will help provide alternatives conflict resolution and pe aceful school movements (Adams 2000).

SC2034C Interpreting crime and criminals prt 2 Essay

SC2034C Interpreting crime and criminals prt 2 - Essay Example that is in urgent need of overhaul. Apart from qualitative data derived from MET sources, a questionnaire (through telephonic interview) (See Appendix I) tackles the full extant of areas in which the system should harmonise itself, to understand the complexities of juvenile crime. 1.1 Research problem: Understanding the individual and social phenomena comprising juvenile delinquency (youth crime), the causes and consequences thereof and remedial measures to this effect. 1.2 Rationale for research: Criminology is a multidisciplinary study that performs an exploratory analysis of facts that are closely related to the research information for a particular case study. My main purpose of choosing ‘juvenile delinquency’ as a focus topic, was to investigate special findings that have often been neglected in the past. Juvenile crime comprised 17% of all crime in the UK in recent years (MET Info on Juvenile Stats, 2007) and scratching the surface, yielded more reliable data for further understanding of the issues at hand. Poverty and crime are interlinked chapters. 1.3 Research importance: The subject of juvenile crime has gained national media attention in recent years, ever since the Stephen Lawrence murder case; the main reason being due to the gradual tendency of such individuals to become sociopaths in the longer run (McCord & Spatz Widom, 2001); disaffected by society and indifferent to the ethics and moral values contained therein; the importance of this topic can be gauged from the fact that much less research material is available as of today (Singer, 1997), and there is a far, bigger need to understand the problem in totality. Investigators have arrived at

Places and Spaces in Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Places and Spaces in Art - Essay Example However, using several media effects, the images at times appear to be a bit artificial in form. The forms and figures becomes a little brighter than the works based upon pure manual work of art. Although this is the case, it is still obvious that even though media effects are incorporated within the art pieces, the message is still clearly sent to the viewers of the painted art. Meanwhile, the explosion of creative genius ideas on art characterizes High Renaissance Style. This style has been used through the stretch of years from 1450-1520. Now, the same style is being redeveloped along with the mixture of painting style with the latest media effects available through technology and computer application. The High Renaissance Style is known for its technical competence and its rich artistic presentation of imaginative design. The heroic composition of the images presented through this style is indeed shown through the use of harmony and balance of the figures featured through the produced artistic pieces. To have a better understanding of the artistic styles and presentations mentioned above, two of the most widely known art pieces, which have been revised and repainted by many painters on their own version, shall be examined. For the International Gothic Style, The Coronation of The Virgin painted by Gentile de Fabriano shall be observed as to how the figur es of its presentation where shown in connection with the message of the art work. For the High Renaissance Style, the version of Madonna ad Child by Lorenzo Di Credi shall be examined as well. The Elements of Creative Art Both paintings created by the painters mentioned above have their own characteristics that depicts the message each painter wants to send the viewing public. The following re the elements of art and painting that contributes to the said matter of concern. Hence, both paintings shall be analyzed as to how they are able to convey their message to their audiences. Space Analysis The 'Coronation of the Virgin' is more of a wide spaced painting wherein the point of attention is focused upon the arising 'Mary' towards the direction of heaven. This spacious factor in the said painting thus contributes to the sense of centralized visionary element that the painter would want to imply to the viewers. On the other hand, the painting of 'Madonna and Child' has a more intact space. This is mainly to denote the close connection of the characters portrayed by the images found in the painting. The closeness shows the relationship that exists between the mother and the child which is common to the actual events in the world. This factor helps portray the painting's touching message of the caring thoughts of a mother towards her child. Form "Coronation of the Virgin" has a form that shows femininity and the fragile aspect of a woman's character. The characteristics of being free and constantly changing is being depicted by the ascending picturesque of"Mary". On the other hand, Madonna and Child depicts the other side of the woman on being a mother. A caring woman who is able to support her young amidst all the challenges in life, whether easy or not. Design and Figures Both the design and figures of the paintings are used to show the elements of the images that are used to show

Unit 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Unit 8 - Essay Example Police officers are now using most of their resources and time for training in readiness for future possible terrorist attacks. The police are also gathering information and intelligence needed to prevent and stop terrorist attacks. The police’s responsibility of emergency response to terrorism takes precedence over other duties (Delattre 2006). Disagreements have emerged following the 2001 terrorist attacks. One of such disagreements is how much information and intelligence should federal agencies share with the police and state. The point of sharing information results from the fact that the FBI holds their information too much. Criminal information and intelligence must be shared across jurisdictions and agencies in the country. It results from the fact that information sharing is crucial in effecting antiterrorism. Police officers interact with the society that enables them to exchange information and gather intelligence. The intelligence and information gathered is important to other agencies including the FBI (Delattre 2006). While still in their line of duty, police officers are required to exhibit the recommended law enforcement behaviours in fighting terrorism and maintaining personal liberties. Disagreements have arisen on how the police ought to operate when collecting intelligence on terrorism. While part of their function is protecting civil liberty, there is rising criticism on how terrorism suspects should be handled. There are disagreements on the use of force in gathering information related to terrorism activities. Using force means that the police will torture individuals while gathering information. Using torture while interrogating people and suspects are wrong as the officers will be acting against their basic responsibility of upholding the people’s personal liberties (Delattre, 2006). Antiterrorism cannot be tackled by the Federal single handed. The federal requires assistance from the police and other law

Statement of purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Statement of purpose - Essay Example Working as a creative artist for an events management company and then as an accounts executive in an advertising agency, my career prospects have been hopefully bright. This experience has inspired me to further my knowledge of the complex business world by pursuing an MBA course of study with greater emphasis on international business strategy. I fervently hope that the level of expertise and intelligence obtained from an MBA program of study specifically from California State University, Los Angeles, could help me become a professional business executive capable of successfully piecing together the vast puzzle of literature on the subject of international business to arrive at convincing solutions. I am confident I have a highly appropriate academic background as shown by my current level of education to join the community of scholars in your prestigious MBA program. While in college, I participated in diverse extra and intra-curricular activities that allowed me to develop my creative capabilities in designing and executing highly ambitious marketing campaigns. Further I am also interested in marketing research that has a broader applicatory significance in multicultural societies. I was attracted by the very seminal and the broader perspective-centric nature of the contents of the MBA program of study at the California State University, Los Angeles. To be sure it’s not only an academic qualification that I am interested in. In fact I am looking for a significant experience in an enriching academic environment. In other words what I have been fundamentally attracted towards in the CSU, Los Angeles is the very curriculum content based on enhancing the student’s analytical skills in competitive business environments. I am sure my ambition to be a marketing manager with particular emphasis on brand management strategy would go a long way despite the

American Governement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

American Governement - Essay Example That is, the constitution that has become synonymous with what is known of the American existence. To best understand the power of the document and the events surrounding its creation, the first thing to do, would be to observe the very men who were involved, with the process of creating it from the beginning. The very men that, through their efforts, would pave the way towards the present state of the American process of government. One of those very men would be James Madison. A man who would set forth to help create a governing document and someone who would at one point serve the young nation as it's 4th President. With everything riding upon the insatiable desire of the men to create a document that would prove to be long lasting, the stakes involved would appear to be considerable. A key concern for the founders, would be the preservation of liberty. Author James Wilson includes the following portion in his text, of a statement given by James Madison, that involved the creation of a stable government. It reads in part, "... You must first enable the government to control the governed: and in the next place oblige it to control itself," (Wilson, p. 15, 2005). As is the case in many other instances, initial intentions may fall by the waste side during the course of an initial process with a desire goal(s) in mind. In the case of the Constitutional Convention, "When James Madison and the other 56 delegates to the Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia in May 1787, they intended to amend the Articles of Confederation," ("James Madison's", para. 1, n.d.). While the men would have initially come together to revise an existing document, the resulting consequences of their final work would have lasting implications for over two centuries. Another existing document that served to be a basis for the resulting doctrine of the constitution, would be the Virginia Plan. Basically a summation of the intended items intended for inclusion in the final draft of the constitution, the plan itself would become one of the many parts of this historical period in time. "By agreeing to consider the Virginia Plan, the convention, fundamentally altered its task from amending the Articles to designing a true national government," (Wilson, p.16, 2005). To give a better glimpse of the outside environment surrounding the convention, "May 25, 1787, freshly spread dirt covered the cobblestone street in front of the Pennsylvania State House, protecting the men inside from the sound of passing carriages and carts," (Bent, para. 1, n.d.). From such menial beginnings at the heart of pre-technological advancement, along with varying sociological and economic circumstances of the era at the time, the constitution would be an enduring document that would stand the test of time. Having the intended changes and guidelines be such that, it would continue to be felt by the very nation that it was created to protect. In place of a reigning monarch, the American political system would be comprised of a central political figure, in this case the President, along with a judicial branch made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. With each body of power, the President's being considered the Executive, having their own roles that would, from time to time over many decades, find themselves intertwined with each other to varying degrees. Aligning itself with this very mentality, authors Allan J. Cigler and Burdett A. Loomis make

Five Challenges for the Future of Media-Effects Essay

Five Challenges for the Future of Media-Effects - Essay Example Through the research of Peter and Valkenburg, it is vivid that the effect of media on individuals is evident. But at this point, they both have managed to show that these effects show a slight or major difference when compared to other disciplines. â€Å"Five Challenges for the Future of  Media-Effects  Research† shows that the changes in cognition, emotional and behavioral attitude of individuals attributable to the media effects are different from other social and behavioral sciences. They have presented a number of figures and statistics that point out this difference. They have gathered the results of different experiments performed by different experts to show the deviations. These surveys of different experiments helped them to construct their argument that will further be strengthened by the drawbacks and solutions. They completely agree with the fact that the media effects are inevitable and they affect every individual. But the impact of this effect depends on age, gender and taste that is often overlooked while experimenting or collecting data. The authors then present five major challenges that need not be overlooked while carrying out an experiment that determines the effect of a certain act on individuals. They travel from micro level to macro keeping in mind the minute details that shall not be overlooked. The first challenge is the Improvement of Media Exposure Measures that includes the risk of self-reported  data in which an individual might feel uncomfortable while revealing intimate information due to public pressure so this will give an opinion shaped by social pressure, not by the personal opinion which will affect the results. To avoid this we should divide the genres and then ask the willing and able candidates to provide information. This will help in collecting pure opinions. The second challenge is More Attention to Conditional Media Effects.  

Bounced Check, Return of Unsold Books, Safety at work Places Essay

Bounced Check, Return of Unsold Books, Safety at work Places - Essay Example In respect to this provision, Watson could be presumed to be aware that the check will bounce if one or two conditions occur. The first one is, in case he did not have an account with the drawee during the stated date or the issue time, whichever comes later. The second reason could be, if the check appropriately declined payment for lacking enough funds, when presented within 30 days after the stated date or issue date, either of which comes later, and if the responsibility of Watson, or any other party who may be involved happens not to be set free through payment, not later than ten days following the bouncing date. If Watson successfully satisfies that the two conditions did not arise, then it is hard to place any blame on him, therefore, Wilson can easily prevail against the store’s intentions of reclaiming the computer from him – as it will be presumed that it was legally transferred. 2. Return of unsold books, which are damaged. Both the express and implied condi tions of contract between Press Publishers and Boardwalk Books must be satisfied. Although Press Publishers could not have expressly stated that the unsold books must be returned in good condition, there is an implied responsibility for the Boardwalk Books to exercise due care – in order to avoid damage of books while in the books store. The fact that some pages had been ripped off by customers, while coffee had been spilled over others is a blatant negligence on the part of Boardwalk Books. Press Publishers can refuse to accept the 20 copies that had been destroyed and successfully sue Boardwalk Books for negligence. The law presumes that Boardwalk Books should act professionally and with due care, to avoid any foreseeable danger that could happen in its premises, upon goods stored there but owned by the third parties. On the other hand, Boardwalk Books can raise a defense against some books which were destroyed for merely sitting on the bookshelf. They could argue that Pres s Publishers had supplied books of low quality; hence, they easily get damaged. To prevail against Press Publishers, Boardwalk Books must prove beyond doubt that they exercised due care, and could not have done anything to prevent the books from getting destroyed. Boardwalk Books may want to argue that the problem arose from the fact that the publisher’s goods were selling very slowly, however, such argument many not hold any water since it does not prevent them from taking care of the goods. 3. Safety at work Places All employers are responsible for the health and safety of all their employees. Laws have been enacted to protect employees from hazards at their work places. Examples of such laws are the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), Occupational Safety and Health (OSH), and the Mine Safety and Healthy Act of 1977. Under the OSH act provisions, all employers should provide a workplace free from hazards or accidents that cause, or are likely to cause, death or serious emotion al or physical harm to the workers. The occupational Safety and Health Administration creates standards and regulations that implement the Act. All employers should comply with the OSH regulations and standards (Emerson, 2009). The company Delores was working for failed to provide enough security in the work place, and that is why she was raped in the premises. The company breached the OSH standards and regulations. The Vandalay Company was wrong about the position-risk test. Why did the janitor rape her at the company premises? Was he

Nurse Ratched Essay Example for Free

Nurse Ratched Essay A former army nurse, Nurse Ratched represents the oppressive mechanization, dehumanization, and emasculation of modern society—in Bromden’s words, the Combine. Her nickname is â€Å"Big Nurse,† which sounds like Big Brother, the name used in George Orwell’s novel 1984 to refer to an oppressive and all-knowing authority. Bromden describes Ratched as being like a machine, and her behavior fits this description: even her name is reminiscent of a mechanical tool, sounding like both â€Å"ratchet† and â€Å"wretched.† She enters the novel, and the ward, â€Å"with a gust of cold. † Ratched has complete control over every aspect of the ward, as well as almost complete control over her own emotions. In the first few pages we see her show her â€Å"hideous self† to Bromden and the aides, only to regain her doll-like composure before any of the patients catch a glimpse. Her ability to present a false self suggests that the mechanistic and oppressive forces in society gain ascendance through the dishonesty of the powerful. Without being aware of the oppression, the quiet and docile slowly become weakened and gradually are subsumed. Nurse Ratched does possess a nonmechanical and undeniably human feature in her large bosom, which she conceals as best she can beneath a heavily starched uniform. Her large breasts both exude sexuality and emphasize her role as a twisted mother figure for the ward. She is able to act like â€Å"an angel of mercy† while at the same time shaming the patients into submission; she knows their weak spots and exactly where to peck. The patients try to please her during the Group Meetings by airing their dirtiest, darkest secrets, and then they feel deeply ashamed for how she made them act, even though they have done nothing. She maintains her power by the strategic use of shame and guilt, as well as by a determination to â€Å"divide and conquer† her patients. McMurphy manages to ruffle Ratched because he plays her game: he picks up on her weak spots right away. He uses his overt sexuality to throw her off her machinelike track, and he is not taken in by her thin facade of compassion or her falsely therapeutic tactics. When McMurphy rips her shirt open at the  end of the novel, he symbolically exposes her hypocrisy and deceit, and she is never able to regain power.

Efficient Pricing of Geomarketing Internet Services Essay Example for Free

Efficient Pricing of Geomarketing Internet Services Essay Abstract Geomarketing information is information which enables the user to take better and faster decisions about marketing and sales activities. The main source of information are geographic, demographic, and statistic data. These data are usually collected and maintained by several institutions and come in a variety of forms and formats. The final integrators acquire datasets, sort, filter and organize them, and offer in advance defined analyses. In this paper we focus on geomarketing services offered on the Internet where usually no physical good is exchanged. The subject of trade is geomarketing information the user is able to extract from the datasets. The main issue is how to set a Pareto efficient price for geomarketing information. The situation is Pareto efficient when the sum of user’s and service provider’s surplus is maximized. We investigate nonlinear pricing strategies and their efficiency to serve mass markets and attract users with different willingness to pay. Nonlinear pricing is used in a broader sense to include the practice of selling the same information product on various vertical markets at prices that are not in proportion to the differences in marginal cost. The market research for the GISMO project (Krek et al. 2000) showed that the US market differs substantially from the European. It has characteristics of a commodity market, where providers offer very similar or equal products at similar prices. This is feasible only if the prices for raw datasets, which represent the main barrier to enter the market, are low or zero. Competition among service providers drives prices down and enables them to successfully serve a mass market. The European approach is mostly determined by the high prices of datasets and restrictions on the copyright forced by the National Mapping Agencies. This prevents further production and creation of information products and serves only a narrow group of users with high willingness to pay. We list the most i mportant conditions for Pareto efficient nonlinear pricing of geoinformation services. 1 Introduction Price is a very important element of trade. It can only be discussed in relation to what is offered, how much value the potential user attaches to the product and how much he is willing to pay for it. A geomarketing service in this paper serves as an example for a geoinformation service in general where a Geoinformation product is traded. A Geoinformation product is defined as a specific piece of geoinformation which provides an answer to a particular user’s question. The provider of a geoinformation service has to select the medium of delivery and the price for the service. We concentrate on geomarketing services provided online through the Internet. The service is mostly done automatically, and not by a human. Usually no physical good is exchanged. Gathering information about the product, placing the order, and payment is done over electronic network. In the sections 5 and 6 we analyze different pricing strategies for geographic information and their Pareto efficiency. The s ituation is called to be Pareto efficient when the user’s and service provider’s surplus is maximized. We review marginal cost and nonlinear pricing and explain in which cases they conform to the Pareto efficiency. Setting a price equal to marginal cost is not economically viable since such a price does not cover fixed cost. Some examples of nonlinear pricing, such as quantity discounts, term-volume commitments, and list of price options satisfy the Pareto efficiency requirement if certain conditions are satisfied. We conclude with the list of the most important conditions for the Pareto efficient pricing of geomarketing service. They can be applied to geoinformation services in general. 2 Geomarketing Services A geomarketing service is a service of providing geomarketing information to the user. Geomarketing information is information which enables the user to take better and faster decisions about marketing and sales activities. This information can be delivered to the user in a different form, format and through different media. Geomarketing information is gathered from internal company’s data, which are combined with external demographic, statistic and geographic data. A geoinformation that satisfies a particular information need in a specific decision making situation is called a Geoinformation product. 2.1 Geomarketing Data Geomarketing data consists of internal company’s data and external data. Internal data (the rate of sale, current customers profiles, etc.) is collected and maintained by the company itself. External data comes in a variety of formats and forms, as a collection of numbers, reports, maps, etc., and is gathered by different institutions. Demographic and statistic data is collected and maintained by Statistical Offices and aggregated to a certain extent. Geographic data is provided in Europe mostly by National Mapping Agencies, in USA by the US Geological Survey (USGS). Because of this broad variety of data, their structure, content and formats, they cannot be easily integrated and are not straightforward usable by a non-technical user. 2.2. Geomarketing Information: a Product The source of geomarketing information is geomarketing data. Specialized companies collect the data from different sources, combine them, sort and filter them. For example, the statistical and demographic data have spatial dimension, which is usually given by the street name and house number. This data has to be geocoded in order to link the attributes (purchasing power, age, educational structure, etc.) with geographic data. The providers identify dimensions of data that are valuable for a certain group of users, package them and offer them as a Geoinformation product. A Geoinformation product is a specific piece of geoinformation which provides an answer to a particular user’s question. The answer to the question can come in many different forms; as a selected dataset, combination of datasets, a report, a map, etc. To make the geomarketing service feasible, some in advance designed steps and analyses are offered to the user. The most common are customer profile, site selection, and market penetration. 3 Internet as a Medium of Delivery The Internet changes the way transactions are done. User and seller can enter an electronic relationship without personal contact. The buyer can place an order any time (from the seat at home, late in the evening) and can take as much time as he wants or needs to take the decision about the purchase. Searching for the right product over e-network, he can get comparable information about similar products from other companies, their characteristics and prices. Cooperation with potential and current users of geoinformation services is important. In the Internet world, the gap between service-consumers and services-providers blurs. â€Å"Consumers become involved in the actual production process, their ideas, knowledge, information become part of the product specification process† (Tapscott 1996). In a geomarketing service, usually no physical good is exchanged. The user gets o the result of nly the analysis, the answer to his question. Even more advanced geomarketing services offer the possibility of uploading the data of the user on the provider’s server and combining these data with the collection of the data on the server. A service offered via Internet involves less administration, paper work, and less human resources, which reduces transaction costs. Direct connection to the computer accounting system can provide systematic and efficient registration of the transactions. Security and protection mechanisms enable the service provider to follow and control transactions. Selecting a proper pricing policy in order to attract widespread use of the service is of great importance. In the next sections, we review marginal cost and nonlinear pricing, and analyze their Pareto efficiency. 4 Pareto Efficiency The situation is Pareto efficient if there is no way to make both the user and the service provider better off. The sum of the user’s and provider’s surplus is maximized. It can be a understood lso as maximizing the difference between economic benefits and costs which appear on the user’s as well as on the provider’s side. The economic benefits are the benefits of using the product on the product has to him with his willingness to pay for the marginal unit of the product. If he expects high benefits, he will be willing to pay a high price for the product. Cost incurred on the provider side is mostly high fixed cost of designing and creating the Geoinformation product and enabling the service, and low marginal cost of providing an incremental unit of the product. The user’s cost is the price he pays for the product, the transaction cost and the cost associated with acquiring the information about the product. 5 Marginal Cost Pricing and Pareto Efficiency Marginal cost pricing is pricing where the price equals the marginal cost. The cost of an economic good is an important determinant of how much the producer will be willing to produce. The concept of â€Å"marginal† or â€Å"extra† cost is crucial for the situation on the market of economic goods. It has an important role in appraising how efficient or inefficient any particular price and production pattern is (Samuelson 1967). This observation is valuable for the standard economic good where the total cost of producing the product depends on the quantity produced. The cost structure a Geoinformation product substantially differs from the cost structure of the standard economic good. The total cost of producing the product is mostly a high fixed cost of collecting the data and designing the product, and is not recoverable if the production is halted (sunk cost). The marginal cost of producing t e second and each additional copy of the product is h very low or zero, mostly the cost of disseminating the product. The share of the marginal cost in the total cost of production is negligible. Marginal cost pricing of a Geoinformation product would according to the marginal cost pricing scheme imply very low or zero price. â€Å"Pricing at marginal cost may or may not be efficient: it depends on how the consumers’ total willingness to pay relates to the total cost of providing the good† (Varian 1999). At the first stage of the production, the datasets have low value to most users and they have low willingness to pay for them. The high cost of producing the datasets cannot be recovered. M arginal cost pricing does not imply efficiency because it does not cover the total costs of producing a Geoinformation product. 6 Nonlinear Pricing and Pareto Efficiency Pricing is nonlinear when it is not strictly proportional to the quantity purchas ed. Different prices are charged to different groups of buyers or the same product. Nonlinear pricing is also used in a f broader sense to include the practice of selling the same product on different markets at prices that are not in proportion to the differences in marginal cost. Good examples are phone rates, frequent flyer programs, and electricity (Wilson 1993). The first notion about charging different users differently for the same product was called price discrimination (Pigou 1920) and distinguished among three different forms of discrimination. 6.1 Price Discrimination Pigou (Pigou 1920) first used the term price discrimination and he described the following forms of nonlinear pricing: †¢ First-degree price discrimination The first-degree price discrimination is sometimes known as perfect price discrimination. The producer sells different units of output at different prices and these prices may differ from buyer to buyer. The buyer pays the maximum price that he is willing to pay, irrespective of the cost of production and supply. Usually it is difficult to determine what is the maximum price someone is willing to pay for the product. †¢ Second-degree price discrimination The producer sells different units of output at different prices, but every individual who buys t e h same amount of the good pays the same price. Second-degree price discrimination is much more common in practice. Good examples of this discrimination are volume discounts and coupons. †¢ Third-degree price discrimination The producer sells the output to different people at different prices, but every unit of output sold to a given person sells at the same price. Customers are divided into more groups, which have different demand curves and different price elasticity. The highest price is charged to the groups with the lowest elasticity. Examples of this discrimination are student discounts. 6.2 Two-part Tariff Two-part tariff is an example of a nonlinear pricing and consists of two parts. The first part of the tariff usually comes in the form of a membership, an annual or monthly license and is supposed to cover fixed cost. The second part of the tariff is related to the usage (number of reports transferred, number of bits, layers, etc.) and covers the incremental cost. This pricing scheme is often used in telecommunication. Users are charged for the connection to the network and additionally for the usage. Two-part tariff pricing scheme can be very naturally applied to a geomarketing service. The first part of the tariff represents a membership fee, an annual or monthly licence for access to the data, reports and maps; the second part is a n additional fee usually based on the volume transferred. Price P for a geoinformation service is then P = p0 + p v.q where p0 pv q fixed fee (annual, monthly, membership, etc.) price set for a volume transferred quantity transferred. The revenue collected from the first part of the tariff (p0 ) is supposed to cover the fixed cost of producing the first copy of the Geoinformation product. The price of u sage (pv ) should cover the incremental cost and the cost of transaction. The combination of the membership and usage constructed for the predicted demand is set so that the company’s total cost is recovered. How high the fixed fee and the price of usage s hould be is an important question. Availability of the raw data at low price will change the nature of the market. The price for both parts of the tariff (p0 and pv ) will form according to the equilibrium rules of supply and demand. 6.3 Pareto Efficiency of the Two-part Tariff Two-part tariff can disadvantage a certain segment of the users. Imagine a geomarketing service company offering geographic data over the Internet. For the simplicity of reasoning, imagine there exist two segments of users; those who use data on a regular basis and have a high willingness to pay (governmental institutions, ministries, utilities, etc.), and those who seldom need data (students, individuals, small and medium companies, etc.) and have low willingness to pay. In this case, a high fixed fee excludes the users with low willingness to pay, occasional users who need only a small volume of the data and are not willing to pay an annual membership fee or a license. The necessary condition for Pareto efficiency is not satisfied. 6.4 Quantity Discounts Quantity discounts are a form of a nonlinear price where the provider charges a lower price for a higher volume purchased. The opportunity of selling high volumes at a low price is often neglected in geoinformation business. Increased revenue from the higher volume at lower price enables the provider to improve the service and reduce prices for all users. The quantity discounts are usually designed in order to stimulate sales, but can complicate the billing and accounting system. Pareto efficiency of quantity discounts depends on the volume-price categories offered by the service provider. This pricing strategy might disadvantage users with low willingness to pay, not being able to pay nor interested in purchasing higher volumes. 6.5 Term-Volume Commitments According to this strategy the user agrees with the service provider to pay a certain amount of money for the service in advance. The payment is set according to the predicted demand for the service. This kind of agreement usually involves some discounts, because the whole payment is done at once and at the beginning of the period. Short-term contracts involve lower reduction in price than longer contracts. This strategy reduces billing and accounting cost and is often used by Internet providers. For example, â€Å"a one-year-term commitment to spend $2000/month obtains a discount of 18%â€Å" (Gong and Srinagesh 1998), for the 5 -year contracts the Internet providers use up to 60% discount. Term-volume commitments satisfy the Pareto efficiency requirement if the user can choose among different schemes and are designed indiscriminately. 6.6 List of Price Options Different pricing options can be combined and offered as a list of price options. In geomarketing services, the two-part tariff is often combined with an additional pricing option, the uniform pricing scheme. Under the uniform pricing scheme, the user pays the price (p2 ), which is proportional to the data transferred. Usually the tariff per volume purchased (p2 ) is higher in the uniform pricing scheme than the price (p1 ) proposed in the two-part tariff scheme, but the user need not pay an annual membership fee or license. The user profits if he is an occasional user, who needs a small volume of data. The sum he is willing to pay in this case is lower than the annual membership or license fee plus the cost of the data transferred.

Impacts of Population Growth on Malaysias Culture

Impacts of Population Growth on Malaysias Culture I have chosen to write an essay on Malaysias population growth, how it has changed and how it affects the culture of my country. In my essay, I had included the background and the history of my country and also the reason why it had change and how its change for the past few years. I also include my critical and original thinking regarding this topic. Malaysia Background and History As a Malaysian, I can safely say that Malaysia have a very interesting background and history. Malaysia is known for it rich cultural history. The rainforest and the wildlife in Malaysia are preserved from century. Now days, Malaysia also known for it cuisine, world famous beaches and also Malaysia is famous among the tourist because of the different shopping mall that Malaysia have and the price of shopping in Malaysia is quite cheap. Malaysia had been a tourist spot for so many years already and to cater to this tourist needs, Malaysia has plenty of Resort that are offering a perfect gateway for tourist that would like to escape from the city life. But its not just for the tourist, sometimes the local also like to get away from the busyness of the city and routine life and just relax. Malaysia is known also as the only country that has mixture of three different races such as Malay, Indian and Chinese. In Malaysia, there are three different religions this is because in Malaysia the y got three different races so the religion is also different. Mostly Malay peoples, they are Muslims, Indians are Hindus while Chinese are mostly Buddhist. So as you can see, it a multicultural country and its a colourful country to live in because everyone regardless which race are you, they intent to celebrate each other celebration. Now I would like to briefly explain Malaysia history, Malaysia gains their independent in 31st August 1957. Afterward, subsequent states join Malaysia in 1963 and formed the country of Malaysia (Malaysia Background, 2002). Malaysian national language is Malay. Its safe to say that Malaysia is a wonderful place not just to live but also to visit because Malaysia can offer you so many things. Culture in Malaysia As mention earlier, Malaysia is known for its culture and culture does play a strong foundation in everyday life of Malaysian. Malaysia is vibrant and diverse in they own ways. Malaysian people intent to share each others cultural richness and its had been Malaysia main political stability and growth. Malaysian peoples are warm accommodating and a very easy-going people. Malay culture had always been linked by the love of the land and a strongly believe in Islam (Culture and Peoples, 2010). Family ties, tolerance, goodwill and good manners are among the social norm of Malaysian people. In Malaysia, education level of Malaysian had a change toward the better in where new schools and subsidies for the lower income population are provided by the government and also a new infrastructure are provided in order to achieve the high level of education (Culture and Peoples, 2010). Also, theres a different festival and celebration in Malaysia that we celebrate every year such as Hari Raya Aidil fitri for the Muslim, Deewali for Hindu and Chinese New Year for the Buddhist. National Day or Merdeka celebration are celebrate every year and normally all Malaysian will come together and celebrate them together with a colourful traditional performance, foods, firework and performance from the famous Malaysian artist. Population Growth in Malaysia (Malaysia Population, 2009) As you can see on the graph above, Malaysian population had growth however the population in Malaysia grow slowly. There are not many different in each year. For example, in 1999 the population for Malaysia was 22.712 million while in 2002 the population for Malaysia was 24.527 million and in 2009 the population for Malaysia is 27.761 million. As you can see, there are not much different between these years. However throughout the year Malaysia population growth had grown. The reason of the population change (How and Why) In the 60s changes in population pattern and economy had significantly affected Malaysian families. Some of the reason is that the rural-urban, economic development and migration play one of the strongest reasons. Now days most of Malaysian family consist of father, mother and two or one children. Extended family consist at least one elderly parent with an adult child (Malaysia, Marriage and Family information pattens, 2010). Other reason why it change or grown slowly is probably because in the 60s peoples intent to get marry in the younger age and have a lot of children but in the modern world, people intent to marry in later age and normally have only one or two children in their family. Population Growth effects on the culture Population growth does somehow effects the culture in Malaysia. But the effects hit the city people more than the villager. In the village the culture and the tradition is still protected while in the city, the culture is more modernized than in the village. In the village, traditional custom are still hugely practice and intent to be more protective about it. While in the city, its more toward the western culture where the younger peoples most likely to spend their night in the club, drinking and shopping rather that spending their time with the family. The way they dress also changing, its more toward the western. You can rarely see anyone in the city wearing Malaysian traditional dress but in the village you can still see them in Malaysian traditional dress. Other reason why it could effects Malaysian culture is because theres a lot of foreigner now days leaving in Malaysia, so people in the city intent to follow the foreigner culture rather than sticking with Malaysian culture. B ut the benefit of this is that most of Malaysian can speak well English. Also it makes Malaysia and attractive country to visit and live in and also make people know that Malaysia is a multicultural country. Conclusion To conclude my research on how the population growth in my country which is Malaysia had effects the culture, I must say that even though theres a negative side of the growth however theres also plenty of benefits. Such as, now that Malaysia is well known all around the world, its actually creating more opportunity for us as Malaysian to grow or to develop not only our country but also our self. Even though the effects hit more towards the city people, it does not mean that all of them already forgotten about their culture. Even so most of them act or follow western culture more than our own culture, they still care about the value of family and still respect the country that they live in. Here we can see the clear difference how Malaysia was few years ago and how Malaysia is today. References Alloexpat (2010). Culture and Peoples, 26 February 2010 from:  http://www.malaysia.alloexpat.com/malaysia_information/culture_malaysia.php Index Mundi (2009). Malaysia population. Retrieved 03 March 2010 from:  http://www.indexmundi.com/malaysia/population.html Malaysia.com (2009). About Malaysia. Retrieved 26 February 2010 from:  http://www.malaysia.com/about-malaysia.html  Ã‚   Malaysia information (2002). Malaysia background . Retrieved 26 February 2010 from:  http://www.asia-planet.net/malaysia/information.htm   Malaysia information (2002). Wealth of Culture. Retrieved 26 February 2010 from:  http://www.asia-planet.net/malaysia/wealth-culture.htm  

The 1918 Influenza Pandemic Essay example -- Health Medicine Diseases

The 1918 Influenza Pandemic The United States entered the War in 1918 and brought influenza to America that medical historian Roy Porter has called â€Å"the greatest single demographic shock mankind has ever experienced, the most deadly pestilence since the Black Death.†[1] In the late nineteen thirties, members of the Federal Writer’s Project (FWP) with the Works Progress Administration (WPA), interviewed people who remembered surviving the pandemic. [2] They described a world caught off guard. Newly established â€Å"base camps† became makeshift hospitals and morgues. Doctors, embalmers, laundresses and florists did a brisk trade. Public venues closed, and as entire families became ill, mothers, husbands and soldiers remember coping with quarantines and loss of family. Sufferers put great stock in their ability to treat themselves as doctors and other health officials struggled with ineffective prevention and treatment strategies. For them, the flu of 1918 marked a major life change but it also became a testament to their ability to survive. The flu came fast and it hit hard. Dr. Curtis Atkinson, then a First Lieutenant in the Medical Corps at Fort Riley, Kansas remembered the first military quarantines. â€Å"When the 'flu' epidemic struck Call Field, Sunday, December, 1918, the boys began to come down very rapidly. A foot ball game was in progress. The commanding officer immediately ordered the game stopped and sentinels posted at the gate of the field with orders that no one was to be admitted.†[3] Another soldier, Dr. William W. Wood remembered soldiers and civilians â€Å"dying like sheep.†[4] Melinda Parker remembers how fast she lost her husband. â€Å"My husband†¦ was workin' at the shipyards in Algiers an' he got the flu an' in four day... ...arolina Writer’s Project. [14] â€Å"J. D. Washburn,† Interview by Douglas Carter. [15] â€Å"History of Career (import) of J. H. Kimbrough,† Interview by Marie Reese. [16] â€Å"Mountain Sharecroppers,† Interview by Anne Winn Stevens. [17] Porter, Roy. 484 [18] â€Å"Dr. William W. Wood,† Interview by Miss Effie Cowan. [19] â€Å"Reminiscences centered around Call Field,† Interview by Ethel Dulaney. [20] â€Å"Dr. Wood†, Cowan [21] â€Å" Coal Fields to the Cotton Mill,† Interview by South Carolina Writer’s Project. [22] â€Å"J. D. Washburn,† Interview by Douglas Carter. [23] â€Å"The Influenza Epidemic,† Interview by Jane K. Leary. [24] â€Å"Note French Canadian Personalities,† Interview by Robert Grady. [25] â€Å"The Influenza Epidemic,† Interview by Jane K. Leary. [26] â€Å"Glenn Kanipe.† Interview with Ethel Deal. [27] â€Å"Melinda Parker,† Interview by Louisiana Folklore

My Perspective on the Future of Education Essay -- essays papers

My Perspective on the Future of Education The future in education is very interesting as well as vital to me since I plan to be a teacher in the future. Many changes will be made before I enter the field of teaching. Most all of these changes will be positive and will help me to become a better teacher. The future of education will be changed completely with the help of new technology. Already education has changed thanks to technology. We now see computers in every class. In the future most classes will be totally taught through computers. New programs and software will be available that are interactive with the students as well as informative. Having classes through the internet will open up a large diversity of classes to choose since the whole world will have their classes available online. So students will be exposed to new areas of learning they may have once not had a chance to experience. However since the Web will be teaching the students what will the teachers do? Actually teachers will actually have the time to play the role they always pictured themselves...

George Orwells Shooting an Elephant as an Attack on Colonialism and Im

George Orwell's Shooting an Elephant as an Attack on Colonialism and Imperialism    The glorious days of the imperial giants have passed, marking the death of the infamous and grandiose era of imperialism. George Orwell's essay, Shooting an Elephant, deals with the evils of imperialism. The unjust shooting of an elephant in Orwell's story is the central focus from which Orwell builds his argument through the two dominant characters, the elephant and its executioner. The British officer, the executioner, acts as a symbol of the imperial country, while the elephant symbolizes the victim of imperialism. Together, the solider and the elephant turns this tragic anecdote into an attack on the institution of imperialism. The importance in the shooting of the elephant lies in how the incident depicts the different aspects of imperialism. In this essay, the elephant and the British officer help prove that imperialism is a double-edge sword. The shooting of the elephant is the incident that reveals that imperialism inflicts damage on both parties in a imperialistic relationship. The British officer, Orwell, displays many aspects of the being the "absurd puppet" under the institution of imperialism.(3) He is the evidence that "every white man's life in the East, was one long struggle not to be laughed at."(3) His experience with the natives conveys how imperialism harms the imperialistic countries as well as their colonies. To give reason to their forceful colonization, the imperialists must strip themselves of their own freedom as they constantly try to "impress the natives" to prove the superiority of the white man.(3) Colonists find the need to become racist against the natives because it is convenien t for the colonists to patr... ...he elephant, and the elephant, who painfully dies, focuses the reader's attention on the suffering that imperialism causes for both parties. If the shooting was justified, Orwell's argument would have been immensely weakened. The symbolic story in the Shooting an Elephant is an attack towards imperialism. Orwell presents the ironic truth that imperialism benefits neither the imperialist nor the countries they colonize. It is perhaps sad to see that men were once willing to buy in to the fraudulent and ephemeral glory that imperialism have offered. Hopefully, men have learned their lessons and no other animal will be sacrificed for men's greed. Works Cited: Orwell, George. "Shooting An Elephant." An Age Like This, 1920-1940, vol. 1 of The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell. ed. Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus. New York: Harcourt, 1968. George Orwell's Shooting an Elephant as an Attack on Colonialism and Im George Orwell's Shooting an Elephant as an Attack on Colonialism and Imperialism    The glorious days of the imperial giants have passed, marking the death of the infamous and grandiose era of imperialism. George Orwell's essay, Shooting an Elephant, deals with the evils of imperialism. The unjust shooting of an elephant in Orwell's story is the central focus from which Orwell builds his argument through the two dominant characters, the elephant and its executioner. The British officer, the executioner, acts as a symbol of the imperial country, while the elephant symbolizes the victim of imperialism. Together, the solider and the elephant turns this tragic anecdote into an attack on the institution of imperialism. The importance in the shooting of the elephant lies in how the incident depicts the different aspects of imperialism. In this essay, the elephant and the British officer help prove that imperialism is a double-edge sword. The shooting of the elephant is the incident that reveals that imperialism inflicts damage on both parties in a imperialistic relationship. The British officer, Orwell, displays many aspects of the being the "absurd puppet" under the institution of imperialism.(3) He is the evidence that "every white man's life in the East, was one long struggle not to be laughed at."(3) His experience with the natives conveys how imperialism harms the imperialistic countries as well as their colonies. To give reason to their forceful colonization, the imperialists must strip themselves of their own freedom as they constantly try to "impress the natives" to prove the superiority of the white man.(3) Colonists find the need to become racist against the natives because it is convenien t for the colonists to patr... ...he elephant, and the elephant, who painfully dies, focuses the reader's attention on the suffering that imperialism causes for both parties. If the shooting was justified, Orwell's argument would have been immensely weakened. The symbolic story in the Shooting an Elephant is an attack towards imperialism. Orwell presents the ironic truth that imperialism benefits neither the imperialist nor the countries they colonize. It is perhaps sad to see that men were once willing to buy in to the fraudulent and ephemeral glory that imperialism have offered. Hopefully, men have learned their lessons and no other animal will be sacrificed for men's greed. Works Cited: Orwell, George. "Shooting An Elephant." An Age Like This, 1920-1940, vol. 1 of The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell. ed. Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus. New York: Harcourt, 1968.

William and Ellen Craft

3-7-2012 Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom By: William Craft and Ellen Craft Beginning in the principal slave state of Georgia, â€Å"Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom† details the adventure and eventual escape from slavery of William Kraft and his wife Ellen craft. In December of 1848, both received written passes from their owners allowing them a few days away together. They would make the most of it and never return to bondage. Ellen craft was the daughter of her first master and as such was almost white.So much so that after being frequently mistaken as a child of the house she was given to a daughter, her half-sister, as a wedding present when she was 11 years old. Though both William and Ellen's Masters were moderately humane; neither could stand the thought of marriage or children while being slaves. Ellen in particular, after being separated from her own mother at such a tender age, could not stomach the thought of her own child being taken away from her in a sim ilar manner. But as they saw no escape from their positions, they eventually were married.William Kraft focuses on the adventure of their escape and how the mindset of American slaveholders seemed to continually oppress his race while giving written appreciation to those who helped in securing their freedom along the way. William, himself, was a cabinet maker who watched as his entire family was sold one by one for money or to pay his master's debt. Through this great anguish or more so because of it, he devised a plan to disguise his nearly white wife as an invalid white gentleman and he as a servant slave to him.Leading up to their few days pass, William purchased Ellen's disguise a piece at a time from different parts of the city. At the appointed time, she put on trousers, a gentleman's jacket, and a top hat. Some bandages about her face, spectacles, and sling on her writing hand completed the outfit and their journey began. First they boarded a train to savannah, Georgia, and t hen took an omnibus to the steamer bound for Charleston, South Carolina. They traveled through Richmond to Baltimore, with not one person seeing through Ellen's disguise though they were questioned several times and both were scared and sleep deprived.Their biggest test came in Baltimore while securing tickets to Philadelphia as this was the last port before they would arrive in a free state. William was questioned by an officer who saw him on the train and both he and Ellen had to satisfy the man that Ellen, playing the part of a Mr. Johnson, had the right to take his slave to Philadelphia with him for the purpose of seeking medical advice for Mr. Johnson’s supposed rheumatism. Through sheer will and determination they were able to continue this facade and allowed to board the train, where they arrived in the free state of Pennsylvania on Christmas day.With the enactment of the Fugitive Slave Bill their safety was no longer guaranteed and they left America after two years in Boston. They sailed to England, where they would live in exile for the next 19 years and have numerous children. They would be abolitionists, teachers, authors, and speakers for the rest of their lives. The author gives thanks to the abolitionists and the anti-slavery movement leaders by including their names and the specific event and manner in which their aid was given.He directly expresses how he and his wife could not have completed this journey without it. He is very descriptive yet conveys their story not from the perspective of a violated victim of slavery- but from an enlightened position of knowledge having overcame the trappings of bondage. It is of particular note the irony and shame of a country founded on the principles of freedom, having fought and died for that cause of escape from England, forcing these honorable human beings to that same country in order to preserve their own freedom.

A Clockwork Orange: Political Impacts

A Clockwork Orange: Political Impacts When A Clockwork Orange was released in the early 70's it was instantly seen as controversial sparking huge amounts of criticism in America and Britain from renowned film critics, government officials and members of conservative groups. In the late 60's Western society and culture was changing along with Western Cinema as a result of the old studio system collapsing, signalling the end of Classical Hollywood films.With the rise of television into popular culture and a drop in box office successes, running from 1947 to the late 60's, it was made apparent a new and fundamentally different product was needed. A younger audience for cinema was developing, interested in films that reflect their generations experiences, resulting in the creation of the anti-hero. Films like Easy Ryder (67), Bonnie and Clyde (67) and The Wild Bunch (69) didn't show traditional values and ideologies usually seen in Hollywood films. Instead it showed outlaws as the protag onists fighting against the older generations dated views through violence.When A Clockwork Orange was released in both Britain and America it was given an X-rated certificate as well as limited distribution in spite of the films box office success and various awards. Upon the release of the film in America, conservative forces protested against the film being showed and a number of American newspapers refused to advertise it. In august 1972 Kubrick withdrew the film from American distribution for 60 days resulting in a reedited version, cutting out 30 seconds of the most violent material. The MPAA then promptly changed the rating from X to R although both versions continued to circulate as the hysteria died down.However in Britain the controversy of A Clockwork Orange started before its actual release. In the Mid 60's the initial script, written by Terry Southern and Michael Cooper, was rejected by the BBFC, under government pressure, who stated ‘there is no point reading the script because it involves youth defiance of authority and we're not doing that'. This generally showed the British attitude towards censorship at the time and pathed the way for the films future problems. The BBFC however eventually accepted a later version of the script on the grounds that the controversial materials were justified by the story.The controversy continued near its release with the Conservative Home Secretary Reginald Maulding demanding to see the film to assess it's dangers to British society and a right-wing censorship group ‘A Festival of Light' petitioned for the film to be banned completely. In 1973 the Hastings council banned A Clockwork Orange on the grounds that it was ‘violent for it's own sake' and had ‘no moral' . In 1974 after a series of supposed ‘copycat' killings inspired by the film caused Kubrick to withdraw the film completely from British distribution. It remained withdrawn for 27 years until Kubrick's death in 1999.

Choosing a Course

Choosing a college major for some is easy; some people know exactly what they want to be when they grow up. For others, choosing a college major is probably one of the hardest decisions they will make in their life. It doesn’t help that there are now a lot of college courses and college programs among which you have to choose. There was once a time when choices were simple: good or evil, ketchup or mayonnaise, Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts. Nowadays, you have to choose between shades of gray, one gazillion condiments and a plethora of majors.The trick in making a college major choice, they say, is to narrow things down as you go along. This article will help you do that. The following are some of the things you must consider when choosing a college course. Choosing your college major consideration # 1: Your Interest The most basic consideration in the choice of a college major or college course is, of course, what you want. Is there something that you’ve alway s wanted to get into, something that resonates within the very fiber of your being? If so, that may be where you’re meant to go. In the event that you don’t know or don’t feel that siren song, fret not.You can always go for career assessment care of your local guidance office. That would certainly make choosing a college course more systematic and easier. Choosing your college major consideration #2: Your Aptitude Choosing a college major also entails an assessment of your skills and talents. You may know what you want, but do you know what you’re good at? Interest and aptitude are two different things. Ideally, you should pursue a college course or choose a college major that allows you to explore both. In this less than perfect world, however, this is usually not possible for some people.In that case, you’d have to weigh your priorities: pick a college major you will be good at or pick a college course that is in line with your interest? Better y et, find a college course that you will be good at and has the potential of arousing your interest. Choosing your college major consideration #3: Your Values Every career comes with non-quantifiable stuff: fulfillment, meaning and purpose, pure altruism, you name it. They help determine what you’d like to get out of a career (and a college major) besides material compensation. Choosing your college major consideration #4: Money MattersMoney matters, in more ways than one. Money matters because it will dictate what course you can or cannot afford. Money matters should therefore be part of your college major choice. If it’s one thing you must always factor in, it’s reality. This can be broken down into a number of sub-considerations. How much money does the course require you to invest? How much money do you actually have on hand to invest? How much money will you (approximately) make if you take up a career in line with that college major? How much money would yo u like to earn after college?Choosing your college major consideration #5: Time and Practical Considerations You should also be aware of what you’re getting into when choosing a college major. What will your college course require you to do? Are you willing to do it? As a case in point, if you’re squeamish about the sight of blood, why should you decide to go for a Nursing Degree? How much time are you willing to invest in your college course and major? If you want school to be over and done with as soon as possible, then you should probably not choose a college course that won’t be useful without further study.Choosing your college major consideration #6: Your Commitment Choosing a college course requires you to look inwards and assess your commitment to your chosen path. Assuming that you have the issue of money and other practical considerations settled, do you actually possess the skills and the patience to go the distance? Moreover, do you actually want to do so? There’s also a chance that your parents may be expecting you to tread a certain academic path; will you have the strength and the will to stick it out against all odds? Choosing your college major consideration #7: The TimesNope, you don’t have to read the Times to know what college course to pick (Yup, that’s a lousy joke). Kidding aside, don’t ever forget to consider the times in your decision-making process. Case in point: the global economy was in a bit of a slump at the time I wrote this article. There are instances when certain courses may appear to be more profitable or more popular than others due to current circumstances. Choosing your college major consideration #8: Other People’s Feedback Besides guidance counselors, family and friends, you may also want to ask other people for their opinions regarding the matter.College alumni and alumnae always make for interesting interviews-been there, done that. Professors and classmates will also have a lot of significant input to offer. Choosing your college major consideration #9: Your Choices Also, do remember that there are some benefits to doing things by the book-or more specifically, the college’s catalogue of courses. Take a peek and note the unit and credit requirements for each course, along with whatever minors and electives you can take as part of the package deal.Choosing your college major consideration #10: Spiritual Considerations Finally, know this: you’ll most likely change courses-even careers! -as you go along, so don’t be overly fixated on any one course. No one course is the end all and be all. There are numerous examples of people out there who majored in one thing and built a career or three out of another. If you’re a believer, though, I strongly recommend that you pray about it ask God what He wants you to take. After all, only He knows what path you will ultimately tread.

Linking Verbs

Who could forget the time when one needed a person to serve as a â€Å"bridge† to another person or to something? Also, people have relatives and they are connected by their immediate family members to these relatives. For example, a person is related or â€Å"linked† to his/her grandfather through his/her mother or father. Thus, the link is the parent for this instance. The same is true with verbs for there are the so-called â€Å"linking verbs.† These linking verbs are considered to be the part of the sentence or phrase which â€Å"implies state of being or condition for the subject, [and] not action† (â€Å"Linking Verbs†). To put it more clearly, the linking verb is included in a sentence to connect two different parts of the sentence. In addition to this, the linking verb tries to connect the subject to the parts of the sentence to which it is related (â€Å"Action Verbs and Linking Verbs†). In our previous example of relatives and families, an analogy may be made between the parents and the linking verbs for the two seek to connect two different things or persons. Examples of linking verbs include â€Å"am, is, are, was, were, has been, are being, might have, been, etc† which are forms of the verb â€Å"be,† â€Å"become,† and â€Å"seem† and all of these are considered to be always linking verbs in their sense (â€Å"The Linking Verb†). It is easy to identify the linking verbs for without these, there would be lesser thought to the sentence if none at all. Taking this statement as an example, â€Å"The blue sky is my source of inspiration in finishing my painting† would show that –is serves as the linking verb. It links the blue sky to the phrase â€Å"source of inspiration.† When one is given such sentence, it would be very easy to discern that it is the blue sky is the source of inspiration because of the inking verb. Imagine deleting the linking verb for the statement. It might give a general and vague idea that may be understood by some but can not entirely be discerned. The linking verb may be used for three instances, which is to link the subject with a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective (â€Å"Linking Verbs†). An example of a linking verb that connects the subject with a noun is â€Å"Ana is a queen of her own dreams.† Could you identify the subject and the noun? Indeed, Ana is the subject and the word queen is the noun to which the subject, Ana, is connected. Going to the next, which is connecting the subject to a pronoun, a statement that could be used as an example would be â€Å"The big mansion down the road is his.† In that statement, the big mansion is connected to the pronoun â€Å"his† and this shows that the big mansion is owned by the man referred to in the statement. Lastly, the linking verb is used to connect the subject to the adjective which it is related to. For example, â€Å"The steps she made towards the aisle were as graceful as ever.† The subject here is the word â€Å"steps† and the linking verb is â€Å"were† and this is connected to the adjective â€Å"graceful.† Aside from discussing the purpose of the linking verb, it is also important to take note of when the action occurred to be able to place the correct linking verb. Linking verbs are important in constructing sentences with thought. In one whole page of words, it could be seen that linking verbs play an important role in weaving the ideas together and to show the relationships between the two. Never forsake the usefulness of the linking verb for, though it may only be a few words, it surely makes the difference for the whole thought. Works Cited The Linking Verb. Robin L. Simmons. 23 March 2008 [http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/linkingverb.htm]. Action Verbs and Linking Verbs. 28 April 2002. Gallaudet University, Washington, DC. 23 March 2008 [http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/grammar/actionlinking.htm]. Linking Verbs. Keelee Weinhold. 23 March 2008 [http://grammar.uoregon.edu/verbs/linking.html].

Human Resource Management and Organizational Behaviour Within a Multinational Leader H&M

Human resource management and organizational behaviour within a multinational leader Hennes & Mauritz is a multinational retail-clothing company operating in 38 countries and employing a total of 87,000 people. It has been founded in 1947 in Sweden and experienced a rapid growth due to international expansion since the 1960’s. H&M’s mission is at the same time one of the reason for its big and fast success; offering fashion and quality at the best price. Customer expactations are supposed to be exceeded at all times as well as customers being satisfied with the company itself. In order to achieve that H&M needs to sustain its very positive brand image and staff that is organized in the best possible way to handle those goals set. In its annual report it is stated that the company’s focus should be on commercial mindset, simplicity, constant improvement, cost consciousness and entrepreneurship. With those aspects in mind, the long term goal being „making fashion available to everyone, giving the customer a fashion experience that strengthens H&M brandâ€Å" should be reached allowing the business to further expand and to enter new markets on the basis of a 10-15% growth per year, funded internally. Over the years, the company has set a strategy which has the three main aspects of price, design and merger &acquisitions. First of all, since H&M always tries to offer their customers the lowest price possible, they need to achieve a competitive advantage to achieve low costs, and sustaining profitability at very low prices. This is achieved through keeping the number of middlemen to a minimum, benefiting of economies of scale, taking advantage of their great experience and selecting suppliers carefully and keeping distribution costs as low as possible. Designing is completly processed inh-house while all of the production is outsorced but its outcome is tested carefully on a regular basis to ensure high quality at all times. Mergers & acquistions have also been one of the company’s major strategy in the past, especially focusing on acquisitions of small design companies to enrich their product portfolio and being able to offer diversified products worldwide which is an essential part of their international expansion strategy. H&M’s corporate strategy is to expand on a continuing basis, and as a consequence, employee strength also increases continuously. For 2009, H&M’s The continous expansion means that there is also an ongoing process of recruitment within the company, as additional staff is needed with every new shop opening. Annual increase in the number of employees for the upcoming years is 5000-10,000 people from all different kinds of backgrounds, mostly recruited locally at the place of store opening. H&M puts a strong emhasis is to maintain their image of being a good employer, which will help them not only to be confronted with a higher number of applicants for job vaccancies, but also reduces staff turnover as well as it increases employee’s satisfaction towards their job and hence, productivity. This also includes making efforts that exceed national requirements of employer’s responsibilities, which are, especially in some of the recently entered asian markets, very low compared to western standards. This objective is summarized by the HR department as following: â€Å"In order to meet people’s expectations of H&M as an attractive employer, the company develops global guide lines on diversity, equal rights and against discrimination† Hennes & Mauritz wants to give every employee the feeling that they are an essential part of the business, constently offering them to develop and giving the positive signals that promotions are within the company are always ahead. The company is very open towards trade unions and is known for its good and close communication on an employee-management level. Represantitves are being elected which frequently discuss possibilities for improvement with managers, representing the employee’s opinions while at the same time managers are encouraged to actively communicate with employees of all levels as well. This creates a strong feeling of trust within the organization, which is excellent at managing diversity. At times of promotions, managers are advised first to look for the best candidate internally in order to gain advantage of the employee’s experience with the company and encouraging others to work hard and being the best andidate for future promotions. However, the companies philosophy is built among a concept which does not award employees with outstanding job titles but instead continiously increasing opportunities and responsibilities. The fast international expansion of course requires high level of training of new staff. As stated before, internal recruitment is one the main objectives, but since the number of staff is growing so fast, new employees need to be introduced to the job quickly. This process is being accelerated by on-the-job training in which new staff in new markets is invited to join a co-workers in an established market to be introduced into the philosophies, practices and day-to-day tasks. One of the main characteristics a H&M employee therefore needs to bring is a sense of entrepreneurship, good communication skills and being open to work in different environments. Once being hired by H&M, the employee is offered a huge range of benefits for which the company is well recognized for (a list of possible benefits is attached in the appendix)

Internal Controls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Internal Controls - Essay Example Significantly, the company has been marred will intolerable control environment. The management has failed to enhance effective communication leading to the adverse change in attitude among employees. In addition, the company has failed to identify inadequacies that pose a significant risk of loss and inaccuracies in the financial management department. According to the audit conducted in the year 2013 (Farewell, Byron 117), SONY Company has not been conducting regular assessment of its internal control system and hence the management may fail to detect a fault in good time. Furthermore, failure to conduct a regular assessment will make some of the control system obsolete leading to huge losses. An effective control system should focus on diligence and effective communication that is geared toward changing employee’s attitude towards the control system. (Susan 543) declares that the control system should be regularly examined and updated to reduce the risks emanating from obsolete technology. In this case, the control system should be several strands ahead of the technology used by fraudsters and dishonest employees. Risk reviewing and monitoring should be highly regarded. In this case, the management should constantly monitor the internal control system in order to identify areas that require advancement. This reduces the chances of incurring a material risk that would cause financial loss if it takes

Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Germany - Essay Example These men, despite their desire for positive reform, were met with much opposition throughout their causes and careers. Frederick the Great ruled Prussia from 1740 to 1786. He has been remembered for many things, but some of those that stand out include his contributions as a brilliant tactician and military organizer, controlled grain prices so that the government stores good provide for poor families whose crops were unsuccessful, and beginning the first official school of veterinary medicine in Austria or Germany. He was, also, an accomplished linguist, speaking several languages, and talented musician. Most importantly, he is remembered for changing Prussia from an often forgotten European â€Å"backwater† location and into a thriving, economically strong and reformed region. However, again, much of the changes he attempted to implement were met with opposition; Enlightened Absolutism was not a favored position of all of the peoples of Europe at the time. (Wikipedia) Joseph the II of Austria ruled from 1765-1790. He had a very famous family member that should not be left unmentioned; he was brother to France’s Marie Antoinette. He was a well liked and influential leader, however he, like Frederick the Great, faced a great deal of opposition due to his attempt to reform Austria with the philosophy of Enlightened Absolutism. Some of the very important acts he is known for include, making public education more available for boys and girls, inspiring legal reforms throughout Austria, and attempted to reform the Catholic Church to make it more tolerant, more akin to his enlightened perspectives. He, like others who shared his political and social views, had a great deal of respect and support for the arts. In fact, such a well loved patron of the arts that, his funeral cantata was composed by Beethoven himself. (Wikipedia) Both men strived to make changes to their lands under the ideologies of

Personal Health Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal Health Assessment - Essay Example In addition to these physical activities, I have a great interest in music. I have an interest in piano and play on occasion. I also DJ when opportunities become available. I have a series of goals. I would like to first complete my Bachelor of Science Degree. I would then like to become an elementary school teacher, and ultimately ensure that I am physically, emotionally, and mentally healthy. My score for the self-care and safety category is an 82. This was not surprising as I make the best effort to avoid alcohol and am completely drug free. I also feel that self-care and safety are aspects that are integrated into one’s daily life choices, including physical activity, risk taking activities, and even hygiene. I ultimately realize that even as I pay considerable attention to this aspect of my life, there are some aspects of it that I could still improve, such as ensuring that I receive adequate sleep, exercise, and always maintain a proper diet. My environmental wellness score of 62 constitutes my lowest score out of the wellness categories. I recognize that I have much room for improvement in this category, and plan on making a more conscientious effort to improve my conduct in this category. I realize that I can improve by recycling more, and just making a better general effort to observe my interaction with my environmental surroundings. My social awareness score is 74. While I believe I have adequate social wellness, I recognize that there are areas of my life that I could improve upon in this category. In these regards I must make a more concerted effort to balance my social life with my work and educational responsibilities. I also need to work on developing better boundaries in my personal relationships. My emotional awareness and sexuality score is 92. I understand this as a high and healthy score and see this reflected in my

Introduction to sources of evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to sources of evidence - Essay Example essor Archie Cochrane, a Scottish epidemologist, and his book â€Å"Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services†, which was published in 1972†. From then the advocates of the use of evidence-based learning in the field of healthcare have managed to position this practice as the best means for providing care for patients. Evidence-based poractice calls for the systemic review and judicious use of the available evidence. This means identifying the types of evidence that would be useful in making decisions on the practice of healthcare and the manner in which these can be integrated with the expertise that comes from clinical expertise and the choice of the client to achieving the best standards in the practice of healthcare. This provides the strength of evidence-based practice and from it also comes its limitations. The criteria of evidence-based practice calls for identifying the types of evidence. This means that there should be enough useful research studies done on the subject and the lack of it would leave gaps in the use of this practice. On the other hand a surfeit of literature causes the problem of sifting through this voluminous literature to identify useful information. (Guyatt, G. et al. Evidence-based medicine.(1992). A new approach to teaching the practice of medicine). The search for research studies to provide evidence for the practice of evidence- based medicine could be done in two ways. The first is using the collection of medical and nursing journals available in libraries. This means a lot of work in sifting through the journals available and is limited to these journals. Developments in the field of information and technology have provided a more convenient means in the Personal Computer and the Internet databases to enable more thorough searches through greater periods of time from the luxury of the chair at home. This does mean knowing having access to the databases and knowing how to use them. In this case the